Minimalism
Minimalism is an artistic style understood as a transition between high modernist abstraction and the turn into what would become known as postmodernism in art.…
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Architecture Subject Overview
Modernist architecture and design represented a utopian vision of how the built environment could be adapted to the needs to modern industrial society. Industrialization had…
Bauhaus
In 1919 a young architect named Walter Gropius initiated one of the most modern art schools of the twentieth century in the city of Weimar…
Social Realism
Serra, Richard (1939--)
The American artist Richard Serra emerged in the 1960s in association with the Minimalism art movement. Known primarily for his work as a sculptor, he…
Truitt, Anne (1921–2004)
Anne Truitt is an American artist most closely identified with Minimalism. Truitt’s art consists of wooden boxes, planks, and columnar works industrially fabricated and painted…
Stella, Frank (1936--)
Frank Stella is a prominent American abstract artist whose deadpan aesthetic presaged Minimalism and Color Field painting. In contrast to the turbulent brushwork and improvisatory…
Scelsi, Giacinto (1905–1988)
Giacinto Scelsi was an Italian avant-garde composer best known for the single-note style he developed during the 1950s and 1960s, which minimizes harmonic and melodic…
Akerman, Chantal (1950–2015)
Chantal Akerman was a Belgian filmmaker, artist, and film professor known for her austere, minimalistic style, her feminist themes, and her depictions of alienation, dislocation,…
Warashoon, Decha (1945--)
Decha Warashoon was a member of the vanguard of Thai artists who brought Southeast Asian art to international attention. After graduating from the Fine Arts…
Reinhardt, Ad (1913–1967)
Ad Reinhardt, the American painter and illustrator-cartoonist, was born in 1913 and raised in New York City. Reinhardt attended Columbia College, pursued graduate studies in…
Berlewi, Henryk (1894–1967)
The Polish painter, graphic designer and art critic Henryk Berlewi was one of the outstanding figures of Polish Constructivism and the Yiddish Avant-Garde. As a…
Just Intonation
Just intonation is a system of tuning musical intervals based on simple ratios between the frequencies of their constituent pitches. For voices and most musical…
Williams, Fred (1927–1982)
Fred Williams was an Australian painter and printmaker who bridged the gulf between the country’s landscape painters and contemporary art. In the 1960s he turned…
Ernest Hemingway
Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) was an American writer who burst onto the modernist literary scene in Paris during the 1920s and subsequently became one of the…
East West Dance Encounter (1984)
The East West Dance Encounter, 1984, Bombay, consisted of a week of presentations and discussion among selected performers and critics representing a range of styles,…
Saarinen, Gottlieb Eliel (1873–1950)
Gottlieb Eliel Saarinen, better known as Eliel Saarinen, was an architect who practiced in his native Finland for twenty-five years before beginning a new phase…
Fosse, Bob (1927–1987)
Bob Fosse greatly influenced commercial screen dance and musical theatre stages in the latter part of the 20th century as a choreographer and director in…
Brâncuși, Constantin (1876–1957)
Constantin Brâncuși is one of the great masters of modern and contemporary art. The influence of his work can be felt across both the avant-garde…
Beckett, Clarice Marjoribanks (1887–1935)
Clarice Beckett was a major Australian artist, and remains an important figure in feminist history. Beckett’s abstracted impressionism, subtle color harmonies, and ordered placement of…
Kim, Tschang-yeul (1929--)
Kim Tschang-yeul was born in Korea during the Japanese colonial era. After studying painting at the College of Fine Arts at Seoul National University (1948–1950),…
Haiku
A brief form of poetry originally developed in Japan around the thirteenth century, haiku are typically composed of three lines with a total of seventeen…
Johns, Jasper (1930– )
One of the most influential American artists of the late 20th century, Jasper Johns was born in Augusta, Georgia, in 1930 and grew up in…
Abueva, Napoleon V. (1930--)
National artist Napoleon Abueva is a pioneer of modernism in sculpture. He trained at the University of the Philippines School of Fine Arts, mentored by…
Harford, Lesbia (1891–1927)
Lesbia Harford was an Australian writer and political activist. Despite these seemingly complementary roles, she did not view her writing as an instrument for social…