Minimalism is an artistic style understood as a transition between high modernist abstraction and the turn into what would become known as postmodernism in art. Rather than a cohesive school, Minimalism is comprised of heterogeneous artistic tendencies embodied by individual practitioners. Some of its identifiable characteristics include the preference for industrial fabrication instead of handmade construction, hard-edged geometric shapes and patterns sometimes arranged as serial units, and the elimination of reference and expression. These tactics suggest that Minimal artists were less concerned with authorial intention (i.e., the meanings an artist communicates through a given artwork) and more greatly concerned with the perceptive experience of the viewer.