Constructivism
Prior to World War II, Constructivism attracted little interest from British artists apart from the few involved with Circle in 1937. Circle consisted of a…
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Cubism [REVISED AND EXPANDED]
Cubism is an art movement that emerged in Paris during the first decade of the 20th century. It was a key movement in the birth…
Cubism
Cubism is an influential modernist art movement that emerged in Paris during the first decade of the twentieth century. The term was established by Parisian…
Cabinet of Doctor Caligari (1922)
Das Cabinet des Dr. Caligari [Cabinet of Doctor Caligari, 1922] is a silent German Expressionist film made by Robert Wiene, and is considered among the…
Callaghan, Morely (1903–1990)
Morley Callaghan was a renowned Canadian novelist and short-story writer during the twentieth century. While he had a long literary career, his early work is…
Cambridge Ritualists, The
The Cambridge Ritualists, also known as the Cambridge Group of Classical Anthropologists, were a closely knit group of four classicists—Jane Ellen Harrison (1850–1928), Francis M.…
Clark, Lygia (1920–1988)
Lygia Clark was born in 1920 in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. She studied with Roberto Burle Marx before leaving for Europe to learn from Fernand Léger.…
Chang, Eileen (Zhang, Ailing) (1920–2005)
Eileen Chang was one of the most unique and distinguished voices in early twentieth century China. Focusing mostly on intricate family and romantic relations in…
Cope, (Robert Knox) Jack (1913–1991)
‘Jack’ Cope was a South African novelist, poet, editor, and short story writer. Born June 3, 1913 in Mooi River, Natal, South Africa, he spent…
Crosby, Harry (1898–1929)
Harry Crosby, wealthy nephew of J. P. Morgan, was a notorious rebel in moneyed Bostonian circles, an expatriate in Paris during the 1920s, and partner…
Celtic Revival
The Celtic Revival was a late-nineteenth-century resurgence of interest in Celtic history, languages and myths that crossed through many disciplines, most notably cultural anthropology, art…
Cavafy, C. P. (1863–1933)
C. P. (Constantine Petrou Photiades) Cavafy, the youngest of seven brothers, was born in Alexandria, Egypt, where he spent most of his life working as…
Charles Tory Bruce (1906–1971)
Charles Tory Bruce was born in Port Shoreham, Nova Scotia on 11 May 1906; he died in Toronto, Ontario on 19 December 1971.
Celan, Paul (1920–1970)
Paul Celan (a pseudonym of Paul Antschel) is one the most distinctive German-language poets of the second half of the twentieth century. Born in 1920…
Concrete Poetry
In general, ‘concrete poetry’ refers to a type of literary composition where the material aspects of a text (layout, typography, sound, etc.) are foregrounded and…
Creeley, Robert White (1926–2005)
Robert Creeley was a postmodernist American poet whose concern for the emotional content of the quotidian influenced Deep Image poetry, the Black Mountain School of…
Corbière, Tristan (1845-1875)
Dead at thirty, and author of a barely-noticed book of verses printed for hire by a firm specializing in erotica, the small-town eccentric and invalid…
Chiang Kai-shek (1887–1975)
Chiang Kai-shek (also known as Jiǎng Jièshí 蔣介石 or Jiǎng Zhōngzhèng 蔣中正) was a Chinese soldier and statesman, head of the Nationalist government from 1928 to 1949, and head of…
Contact Press
Contact Press was an independent Canadian small press founded by Louis Dudek (1918–2001), Irving Layton (1912–2006), and Raymond Souster (1921–2012) that operated from 1952 to…
Churchill, Sir Winston Leonard Spencer (1874 –1965)
Winston Churchill was British Prime Minister twice during his eventful political career. Churchill initially served the British Empire as a soldier in the Caribbean, India,…
Chen Yingzhen (1938– )
Chen Yingzhen is a prolific writer and influential cultural critic from Taiwan. Born Chen Yongshan in Miaoli County, Chen started to publish fiction in 1959…
Canetti, Elias (1905–1994)
Elias Canetti, winner of the 1981 Nobel Prize in Literature, spent the first half of his life traveling, and encountered often violence. He devoted the…
Castel-Bloom, Orly (1960--)
Born in Tel Aviv to Egyptian Jewish parents, the Hebrew author Orly Castel-Bloom studied film at the prestigious Beit-Zvi Institute and at Tel Aviv University…
Cultural Anthropology
The development of cultural anthropology, which is the study of human culture and its variations, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries played a…
Can Xue 殘雪 (pen name of Deng Xiaohua 鄧小華) (1953–)
Can Xue (pen name of Deng Xiaohua) is a Chinese writer and literary critic whose work has gained a following for its avant-garde themes and…