Impressionism (Painting)
Impressionism is an artistic movement that flourished in France between 1860 and 1890. The term has been widely adopted around the world to describe artistic…
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Neo-Impressionism
Neo-Impressionism (1886–1906) comprised a group of avant-garde painters in France who explored a systematic approach to painting that revived Classical ideals while critiquing Impressionism’s prevailing…
Post-Impressionism
The British critic Roger Fry devised the term “Post-Impressionism” in 1910 while organizing an exhibition in London at the Grafton Galleries to introduce recent French…
French Impressionist Cinema
French Impressionist Cinema describes an avant-garde film movement lasting approximately from 1918 to 1929. It was characterised by camera and editing techniques which both augmented…
Visual Arts Subject Overview
Modernism in the visual arts is a complex term and currently the subject of much academic debate. However, this project demanded that we set boundaries…
Expressionism
Expressionism was one of the foremost modernist movements to emerge in Europe in the early years of the twentieth-century. It had a profound effect on…
Cubism
Cubism is an influential modernist art movement that emerged in Paris during the first decade of the twentieth century. The term was established by Parisian…
Film Subject Overview
The Film Section includes entries on a variety of modernist genres, periods, movements, directors, films, and critical modes aligned with modernist aims and intellectual attitudes.…
Dance
Historically, modern dance scholarship has followed the contours of the field as defined by John Martin, the revered dance critic for The New York Times,…
Cubism [REVISED AND EXPANDED]
Cubism is an art movement that emerged in Paris during the first decade of the 20th century. It was a key movement in the birth…
Social Realism
Photography
Symbolism Overview
Symbolism is a late-nineteenth-century literary movement centred mostly around the work of poets such as Stéphane Mallarmé, Arthur Rimbaud, Paul Verlaine, Philippe Villiers de L’Isle-Adam,…
Futurism
Futurism emerged at the beginning of the twentieth century as a movement that explicitly conceptualized the process of literary and artistic experimentation as part of…
Malevich, Kazimir Severinovich (1879–1935)
During his studies with the Russian Impressionist Fedor F. Rerberg in 1906 Moscow, Kazimir Malevich learned color theory and the craft of Impressionist painting. In…
Kamel, Youssef (1891–1971)
Youssef Kamel is an Egyptian painter renowned for his impressionist landscapes of the countryside and views of medieval Cairo. As one of the leading figures…
Mostafa, Kamel (1917–1982)
Kamel Mostafa was an Egyptian impressionist painter recognized for his soft oil paint scenes depicting daily life in Egypt. He began his studies at the…
L’Herbier, Marcel (1888–1979)
Marcel L’Herbier was a French pioneer avant-garde (impressionist) filmmaker and theorist who made more than forty films between the 1920s and the 1950s. During World…
Beckett, Clarice Marjoribanks (1887–1935)
Clarice Beckett was a major Australian artist, and remains an important figure in feminist history. Beckett’s abstracted impressionism, subtle color harmonies, and ordered placement of…
Segal, Arthur (1875–1944)
Arthur Segal was a Romanian artist born as Aron Sigalu to Jewish parents. He shifted his attention away from post-impressionist modernism around 1900 to focus…
Gauguin, Paul (1848-1903)
Paul Gauguin was a Parisian-born French artist who was for a time associated with the Neo-Impressionist and Symbolist movements in painting. Having turned to a…
Van Gogh, Vincent Willem (1853–1890)
Vincent van Gogh is considered one of the most important artists of Symbolism or Post-Impressionism. In his most typical works, van Gogh generally uses heightened…
Sickert, Walter (1860–1942)
Walter Sickert is widely acknowledged as one of the most important figures in modern British art. He was instrumental in furthering acceptance of Impressionist art…
Battiss, Walter (1906–1982)
Walter Battiss was a leading South African painter, printmaker, author, educator and academic, well known for his non-representational oil paintings, impressionistic water colours and symbolic…
Renoir, Pierre-August (1841–1919)
Pierre-August Renoir was a French painter and sculptor involved in the formation of Impressionism. As a pupil of the Swiss academic painter Charles Gleyre (1806–1874),…