Collage
Collage is an artistic technique first used in the 20th century in which paper, photographs, fabric, and other items are glued onto paper or canvas.…
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Hellerau
Founded in 1909 as Germany’s first ‘garden city’, Hellerau is a district of Dresden located in the wooded countryside north of the city. Developers Karl…
Proust, Marcel (1871–1922)
Proust was a French novelist and essayist known for his masterpiece À la recherche du temps perdu (In Search of Lost Time), published in seven…
Vorticism
In 1914, Wyndham Lewis and Ezra Pound began the British avant-garde literary and visual arts movement known as Vorticism. In addition to Lewis and Pound,…
Alvarez Bravo, Lola (1903–1993)
Born to a wealthy family in Jalisco, Mexico, Dolores Martínez de Anda (always known as Lola) was brought up in luxury during her infancy and…
Jolas, Eugene (1894–1952)
Eugene Jolas was a journalist, editor, translator, and poet who embodied the transatlantic character of modernism between the World Wars. The task of transition, the…
MA Group, The
The Hungarian avant-garde MA (Today) group was founded by Lajos Kassák in 1916 as a successor of A Tett (The Act), which had been banned…
Avant-garde
The term “avant-garde” has a double meaning, denoting first, the historical movements that started in the late nineteenth century and ended in the 1920s and…
Gillespie, Abraham Lincoln Jr (1895–1950)
Abraham Lincoln Gillespie Jr was a writer, poet, and contributor to Maria Jolas and Eugene Jolas’s Little Magazine Transition. Known as ‘Linky’ or ‘Link’ to…
Klimt, Gustav (1862–1918)
Gustav Klimt had an indelible influence on the artistic and cultural innovations that occurred in Vienna at the turn of the century. He was a…
Busoni, Ferruccio (1866--1924)
Ferruccio Busoni was an Italian composer, pianist, transcriber, editor, and writer on music who spent most of his career in Germany. A child prodigy who…
Kafka, Franz (1883–1924)
Franz Kafka was born 3 July 1883 to a bourgeois family in Prague, the Czech capital that in the late nineteenth century belonged to the…
Wells, H.G. (1866–1946)
H.G. Wells was a British writer, educator, and social critic. Known as the founder of modern science fiction, Wells created many of the genre’s foundational…
Rice, Elmer (1892–1967)
Born Elmer Reizenstein in New York City on September 28, 1892, Elmer Rice’s career spanned nearly fifty years. He wrote over fifty plays, including collaborations…
Weill, Kurt (1900–1950)
Kurt Weill was one of the most inventive and prominent composers for musical theatre during the first half of the twentieth century. He wrote for…
al-`Ayni, Yusuf (1927–)
A playwright, actor, and director, Yusuf al-`Ayni was instrumental in the development of Iraqi theater from the 1950s through the 1970s. His three-decades-long career coincides…
Modernism in Austria-Hungary
Modernism in Austria-Hungary developed in the imperial capital Vienna and other major cities such as Prague, Budapest, and Trieste. In the coffees houses of these…
Bernstein, Leonard (1918–1990)
Leonard Bernstein was the first American-born conductor to be trained entirely in the United States, and to lead a major symphony orchestra, the New York…
Jewish art music
Modern Jewish art music concerns the study of Jewish musical markers and extra-musical Jewish topoi in twentieth-century music penned by both Jews and non-Jews. Transcending…
Schiele, Egon (1890–1918)
Egon Schiele is one of the most original artists of the early 20th century and a major figure associated with the stylistic movement, Expressionism. He…
Dehmel, Richard (1863–1920)
Richard Dehmel was a German poet and author and a member of the Schwarzes-Ferkel-Kreis (the Black Piglet circle). Viewed from a twenty-first-century perspective, his importance…
Music and Dance
The histories of modernist music and dance are vast and inextricably related, so much so that it is as daunting to consider them in tandem…
Robbins, Jerome (1918–1998)
Jerome Robbins was one of the master choreographers of the twentieth century who transformed musical theater and ballet. Beginning with Fancy Free (1944), Robbins left…
Freud, Sigmund (1856–1939)
Sigmund (Sigismund Schlomo) Freud was an Austrian psychiatrist and the founder of psychoanalysis, who systematized theories of the unconscious and psychosexual development. Freud published case…
Anderson, Margaret (1886–1973)
A passionate proponent of modernist arts and letters, publisher and author Margaret Caroline Anderson is best known as the intrepid co-editor (with Jane Heap, 1883–1964)…