Ozu, Yasujirō (1903–1963)
Yasujirō Ozu has been called the ‘most Japanese’ of all Japanese filmmakers. One of the three giants often said to represent Japanese cinema – along…
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Kapoor, Raj (1924–1988)
Raj Kapoor (1924–88) was a famous Indian film star, director, and producer. Belonging to one of Bollywood’s filmmaking dynasties, he started his career in his…
Battleship Potemkin (1925)
Battleship Potemkin (dir. Sergei Eisenstein; Moscow: Goskino, 1925) is the only completed film of what was planned as a series commemorating the 1905 Russian revolution.…
Berlin: Die Sinfonie der Großstadt (1927)
Berlin: Die Sinfonie der Großstadt [Berlin: Symphony of a City] is a film directed by Walther Ruttmann, co-written by Carl Mayer and Karl Freund, who…
Dreams That Money Can Buy (1947)
Dreams That Money Can Buy (1947) is an avant-garde film written, produced, and directed by the Surrealist painter and Dada film theorist Hans Richter. It…
L’Age d’Or (1930)
L’Age d’Or [The Golden Age] (1930) is a Surrealist comedy by director Luis Buñuel and scenario writer Salvador Dalí. This feature-length film, commissioned after the…
L’Année Dernière à Marienbad (1961)
L’Année dernière à Marienbad [Last Year at Marienbad] is a black and white film of 1961, directed by Alain Resnais and scripted by the nouveau…
October (1927)
October (Dir. Sergei Eisenstein and Grigorii Aleksandrov; Moscow: Sovkino, 1927) is a film about the 1917 Bolshevik revolution and the events leading to it. Due…
A Page of Madness (1926)
A Page of Madness [Kurutta ichipeiji or ippeiji] is a black and white silent Japanese film directed by Kinugasa Teinosuke that has been celebrated for…
La Passion de Jeanne d’Arc (1928)
With its highly innovative reductionist style, the silent film La Passion de Jeanne d’Arc [The Passion of Joan of Arc, 1928], produced at the start…
Un Chien Andalou (1929)
Un Chien Andalou [An Andalusian Dog] (1929) is a short Surrealist film by Luis Buñuel and Salvador Dalí, who collaborated on the scenario. The opening…
ICAT (Lisbon, 1946–1956)
The ICAT group was formed mostly by architects born in the 1910s and early 1920s, who represented the second generation of Portuguese modern architects, and…
ODAM (Porto, 1947–1952)
The ODAM group (‘Organization in Defense of Modern Architecture’) was created in Porto, Portugal in 1947, constituted by thirty-four architects, all graduates or students of…
The Theatre of Cruelty
‘Le théâtre de la cruauté’ (The Theatre of Cruelty) was the name given by the French actor, director, poet, and essayist Antonin Artaud (1896–1948) to…
Metropolis (1927)
Metropolis (1927) is a black and white silent German film directed by Expressionist filmmaker Fritz Lang and co-written with his then wife, Thea von Harbou.…
Bourne, Randolph Silliman (1886–1918)
Randolph Silliman Bourne (1886–1918) was born in Bloomfield, New Jersey. He was a prolific essayist for his adult life, which was tragically cut short when…
Schottelius, Renate (1921 – 1998)
German-born dancer and choreographer Renate Schottelius was a pioneer of modern dance in Argentina. Following early training in classical and modern dance in Berlin, she…
Gutiérrez Alea, Tomás (1928–1996)
Tomás Gutiérrez Alea (Havana, 1928–1996), known to his closest friends and colleagues as Titón, was a Cuban writer and director of over 20 features, documentaries,…
Keaton, Joseph Frank (‘Buster’) (1895–1966)
A brief biography of the actor and director Buster Keaton that outlines the modernist impulses and reception of his films.
Fleischer Brothers (1883–1972 and 1894–1979)
Max Fleischer (17 July 1883–11 September 1972) and his brother Dave (14 July 1894–25 June 1979) were innovators in the world of animated film and…
Indian Parallel Cinema
Mostly defined through its ideological opposition to Popular Indian Cinema, Indian Parallel Cinema, in general terms, is understood as India’s art or alternative cinema. More…
Korean New Wave
The Korean New Wave generally refers to the art cinema produced in South Korea starting in the late 1980s as the country liberalised after several…
Experimental Film, Japan
Experimental film, often used interchangeably with the term ‘avant-garde’ film or ‘underground’ film in Japan, has typically been associated with the emergence of radical and…
Japanese New Wave
What constituted the Japanese New Wave is still fiercely debated by scholars, critics, cinephiles, and filmmakers. Similar to its counterpart in France, it was, on…
Chronique d’un Été
Chronique d’un Été [Chronicle of a Summer] is a documentary film studying young working people in Paris, made by visual anthropologist Jean Rouch, sociologist Edgar…