Zenkevich, Mikhail Aleksandrovich (1886–1973)
Mikhail Aleksandrovich Zenkevich was a Russian poet and author, one of the founders of Tsekh poetov [The Guild of Poets] and the Acmeist movement—a representative…
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Abstract Expressionism
Abstract Expressionism was a movement initiated by a group of loosely affiliated artists that came together during the early 1940s, primarily in New York City.…
Constructivism
Prior to World War II, Constructivism attracted little interest from British artists apart from the few involved with Circle in 1937. Circle consisted of a…
Montage
As an aesthetic principle, montage, defined as the assemblage of disparate elements into a composite whole often by way of juxtaposition, is most often associated…
Futurism
Futurism emerged at the beginning of the twentieth century as a movement that explicitly conceptualized the process of literary and artistic experimentation as part of…
Photography
Expressionism
Expressionism was one of the foremost modernist movements to emerge in Europe in the early years of the twentieth-century. It had a profound effect on…
McCay, Winsor (c.1867–1934)
Winsor McCay (born Zenas Winsor McKay) was an American graphic artist and animator, best known for his Art Nouveau-inflected landmark comic strips Little Nemo in…
Tarkovsky, Andrei (1943–1986)
The cinema of Andrei Tarkovsky stands at the zenith of high-modernist cinema. Amongst the many technical achievements that characterize Tarkovsky’s total art approach to cinema,…
Yoshihara, Jiro
Jiro Yoshihara was the founder—with Shozo Shimamoto and a younger generation of students—of the Gutai Art Association (1954–72). He organized the association’s events, such as…
Lui Shou Kwan (呂壽琨) (1919–1975)
Lui Shou Kwan was a prominent artist and the chief initiator of the ink painting movement in Hong Kong. As a pioneer of ink painting,…
Bretyenbach, Breyten (1936–)
Breyten Breytenbach is the foremost poet among the ”Sestigers,” a prolific painter, and also a controversial public figure. He was born in Bonnievale, South Africa,…
Marburg School
The Marburg School is a term used to describe a group of Neo-Kantian philosophers at the University of Marburg in the second half of the…
Rice, Ron (1935–1964)
Ron Rice was a central figure in the 1960s American avant-garde cinema. His films are closely affiliated with beat literature given their emphasis on improvisation…
Hamada, Shoji [浜田庄司] (1894–1978)
Hamada Shoji was a modern Japanese ceramic artist who adopted the medium consciously as artistic expression, taking inspiration from folk traditions, particularly Okinawan pottery and…
Haiku
A brief form of poetry originally developed in Japan around the thirteenth century, haiku are typically composed of three lines with a total of seventeen…
Woodcut Novel
The novel in woodcuts or the wordless novel is an artistic and narrative medium that emerged during the first half of the 20th century. The…
Jung, Carl (1875–1961)
Carl Jung was a Swiss psychiatrist and an early leader in the psychoanalytic movement, which he left to found analytical psychology. Heir-apparent to Sigmund Freud,…
Hasegawa, Saburô (長谷川三郎) (1906–1957)
Hasegawa Saburô was a Japanese writer, art historian, and abstract painter. Born in Yamaguchi prefecture, as a youth he trained under the oil painter Koide…
Svevo, Italo (1861–1928)
Italo Svevo was born as Aron Ettore Schmitz in 1861 in Trieste, a city in the north-east of Italy that until 1919 was part of…
Pan no Kai (active 1908–1912)
Pan no Kai, or Pan Society, was a group of writers, poets, artists, and actors active in Tokyo from 1908 to around 1912. It was…
Satō, Haruo (1892–1964)
Satō Haruo was a modern Japanese writer and poet active from the late Meiji to the mid Shōwa era, roughly from the 1910s until his…
Nishida, Kitarō [西田 幾多郎] (1870–1945)
Arguably the most important Japanese philosopher of the 20th century, Nishida Kitarō was one of the first thinkers to engage deeply with the sudden massive influx…
Hsiao Chin (Xiao Qin) [蕭勤] (1935--)
Hsiao Chin is an abstract painter who was born in Shanghai, China, to an affluent Christian family. His father Hsiao Yu-mei [蕭友梅] founded the Shanghai…
Juelanshe [决澜社]
Juelanshe (The Storm Society), founded in 1931 by Pang Xunqin (庞薰琹, 1906–1985) and Ni Yide (倪贻德, 1901–1970), was a short-lived movement in China informed by…