Mexican Revolution
The Mexican Revolution is considered one of the first social upheavals of the twentieth century. The military phase of the Mexican Revolution (1910–1920) started in…
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Mexican Muralism (c. 1920–1940)
The Mexican Muralist movement was a nationalistic movement that aimed at producing an official modern art form distinct from European traditions, thus embracing and clearly…
Modernism in Latin America
In Latin American intellectual history, modernism is a term that can be usefully and accurately applied to at least two distinct intellectual movements: a clearly…
Dance
Historically, modern dance scholarship has followed the contours of the field as defined by John Martin, the revered dance critic for The New York Times,…
Photography
Modernism in South Asia
In South Asia, a certain haziness regarding modernism and modernity derives not only from the manner in which they can be elided with each other,…
Surrealism Overview
Soupault’s publication of Manifeste du Surréalism in 1924. Rising in the wake of the First World War, Surrealism revolted against a world that had become…
Revueltas Sánchez, Silvestre (1899–1940)
Silvestre Revueltas was a Mexican modernist composer and violinist. Known mainly for his references to modern Mexican culture, Revueltas is regarded as an essential figure…
Rivera, Diego (1886–1957)
Diego Rivera was an artist born in 1886 in the Mexican city of Guanajuato. The family relocated to Mexico City in 1892 as a consequence…
Enríquez Salazar, Manuel (1926–1994)
A. Mexican composer and violinist, Enríquez is regarded as one of the leading figures of the experimental music scene in Mexico during the second half…
Kahlo, Frida (1907–1954)
One of the most recognizable Mexican painters of the twentieth century, Frida Kahlo produced around 200 paintings, dozens of drawings and an illustrated journal. She…
Chávez (y Ramírez), Carlos (Antonio de Padua) (1899–1978)
Composer and conductor Carlos Chávez was a dominant force in Mexican musical life during the middle of the twentieth century. His most influential post was…
Orozco, José Clemente (1883–1949)
José Clemente Orozco was one of a trio of painters of the Mexican Mural Movement, called Los Tres Grandes (The Three Great Ones), the others…
Pani Darqui, Mario (1911–1993)
Mexican architect Mario Pani spent his formative years between Belgium, Italy, and France due to his father’s diplomatic posts. After graduating from the Écoles des…
Campobello, Nellie (1900--1986) and Campobello, Gloria (1911--1968)
Sisters Nellie and Gloria Campobello migrated from Northern Mexico to Mexico City in 1923 where they became influential figures in the development of Mexican dance…
Stridentist Movement (1921–1928)
The Stridentist Movement [Movimiento Estridentista], founded by poet Manuel Maples Arce (1898–1981), was the only avant-garde Mexican literary and artistic group in the 1920s. The…
Dr. Atl (1875–1964)
Dr. Atl was a Mexican artist, author, political activist, and amateur vulcanologist. Born Gerardo Murillo in 1875 and raised in Guadalajara in the state of…
Ramírez Vázquez, Pedro (1919–2013)
Pedro Ramírez Vázquez is arguably the father of Mexican modern architecture. He studied at the School of Architecture of the National Autonomous University of Mexico,…
Rulfo, Juan Nepomuceno Carlos Pérez Vizcaíno (1917–1986)
Juan Rulfo was a Mexican writer and photographer and is considered one of the most influential writers of Spanish-language literature in the modern age. His…
Tamayo, Rufino (1899–1991)
A Mexican painter and muralist of indigenous heritage, Rufino Tamayo was one of the most important representatives of figurative abstraction and poetic realism in 20th-century…
de Zayas, Marius (1880–1961)
Marius de Zayas was a Mexican caricaturist, writer, collector, dealer, and curator who formed part of the New York avant-garde, and did much to promote…
O’Gorman, Juan (1905–1982)
Perhaps the best way to understand the Mexican architect and painter Juan O’Gorman is through his self-portrait of 1950 in which he depicts himself in…
Contemporáneos
Contemporáneos: Mexican Magazine of Culture, edited from 1928 to 1931 in Mexico City, Mexico, was a literary journal founded by several writers whose formative context…
Rahon, Alice (1904-1987)
Alice Rahon (1904-1987) was a French-born artist and poet associated with the Surrealist movement and Mexican art. Rahon was born Alice Marie Yvonne Philppot in…
Del Moral, Enrique (1906--1987)
Born in Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexican architect Enrique del Moral Domínguez (1906–1987) moved to Mexico City as a child. There, he studied architecture (1923–1928) in the…