Satie, Erik Alfred Leslie (1866–1925)
Erik Satie’s compositions, writings, and humor played an important role in many modernist movements of the twentieth century. Experimenting with simple forms, neoclassicism, mysticism, satire,…
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Ennui
Ennui (French, from Lat. in odio esse, to be an object of hate) is an existential form of boredom, a weary state of constant disaffectedness…
Altman, Robert (1925–2006)
Robert Bernard Altman (February 20, 1925, Kansas City, Missouri–November 20, 2006, Los Angeles) was an American director of television, theatre, and, most famously, films, including…
Pani Darqui, Mario (1911–1993)
Mexican architect Mario Pani spent his formative years between Belgium, Italy, and France due to his father’s diplomatic posts. After graduating from the Écoles des…
Dialectical Materialism
Dialectical Materialism is a doctrine of late-nineteenth-century German socialist philosophy, which later developed as a central tenet of Marxist political philosophy.
Denishawn (1915–1931)
Denishawn, a for-profit enterprise combining a school and dance company, was founded in Los Angeles in 1915 by the internationally acclaimed solo performer Ruth St.…
Hoyer, Dore (1911–1967)
Dore Hoyer was perhaps the most innovative figure in German modern dance in the years between 1935 and 1965. This was a period in which…
Lejárraga, María de la O (1874–1974)
María de la O Lejárraga was a Spanish playwright, novelist, essayist, and feminist intellectual of the early twentieth century. She published under her married name,…
Matisse, Henri (1869–1954)
Henri Matisse is a key figure in French modernism and is considered to be the most influential colourist of 20th-century art. A French painter, sculptor,…
St. Vincent Millay, Edna (1892–1950)
Edna St. Vincent Millay was a poet, playwright and free-spirited bohéme who epitomized the aesthetically and sexually adventurous ‘new woman’ of the early twentieth century.…
Al-Hakim, Tawfiq (1898–1987)
Tawfiq Al-Hakim (1898–1987) was an Egyptian playwright, short-story writer, and novelist generally credited with giving birth to the theater in Egypt. His fiction, in the…
Davidovsky, Mario (1934-- )
Mario Davidovsky is one of the most original and relevant voices on the contemporary music scene and a pioneer in composition by electronic means. In…
Al-‘Ujaylī, ‘Abd al Salām عبد السلام العجيلي(1918/1919–2006)
‘Abd al Salām Al-‘Ujaylī was one of the most productive and versatile literary figures in twentieth-century Syria. His experiences both as a medical doctor and…
Scholem, Gershom (1897–1982)
Gershom Scholem was born in Berlin to Arthur and Betty Hirsch Scholem. Though raised in an assimilated Jewish and German nationalist household, Gerhard Scholem grew…
Directors/Directing
Although some official has organized the acting and scenery in theatrical performances since ancient Greece, the director only emerged as a significant creative figure in…
Mauriac, François (1885–1970)
François Mauriac was a French novelist, essayist, poet, playwright and journalist. He was born in Bordeaux, France. He is best known for depicting trenchant psychological…
Bennington School of the Dance (1934–42)
Bennington School of the Dance served as a highly influential training programme, creative laboratory and performance venue for early modern dance. Founded by Martha Hill,…
Nuevo Cine Cubano
Nuevo Cine Cubano refers to the postrevolutionary Cuban cinema that emerged in the years immediately following Fidel Castro’s rise to power. In March of 1959,…
Diaghilev, Serge (1872–1929)
Impresario, critic, curator, and founder-director of the Ballets Russes (1909–1929), Serge Diaghilev was a towering figure and pioneer of early 20th-century modernism. Through his various…
Leavis, F. R. (1895–1978)
Frank Raymond Leavis was an influential, though controversial, literary critic and teacher who was raised and educated in Cambridge, England, where he eventually held a…
Saariaho, Kaija (1952–)
Finnish composer Kaija Saariaho initially studied in Helsinki before moving on to Freiberg where she studied with Brian Ferneyhough and Klaus Huber among others. In…
Saunders, Rebecca (1967–)
One of her generation’s foremost composers, Saunders was born into a musical family (both parents were freelance musicians) on 19 December 1967 and raised in…
Veblen, Thorstein (1857–1929)
Thorstein Veblen was an American economist, sociologist and social critic. He earned his Ph.D. in philosophy in 1884. After a six-year stint on his family’s…
Contemporary African Christian Art
During the twentieth century, though little noticed by most observers, the Christian demographic in Africa exploded from 9.5 million in 1900, to over 400 million…
Martinez, Juan (1901–1971)
Juan Martinez Gutierrez arrived to Chile with his family from Spain in 1909. He studied Architecture (1918) at the University of Chile, and trained in…