Werefkin, Marianne (1960–1937)
Werefkin was born into an aristocratic family and herself a baroness. Her mother, Elizabeth Daragan, was an artist; her father, an army general decorated by…
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Cavafy, C. P. (1863–1933)
C. P. (Constantine Petrou Photiades) Cavafy, the youngest of seven brothers, was born in Alexandria, Egypt, where he spent most of his life working as…
Johns, Jasper (1930– )
One of the most influential American artists of the late 20th century, Jasper Johns was born in Augusta, Georgia, in 1930 and grew up in…
Valéry, Paul (1871–1945)
Paul Valéry is the author of an oeuvre that comprises several genres and shows him to have been a polyvalent thinker. Celebrated for his poetry,…
Charles Tory Bruce (1906–1971)
Charles Tory Bruce was born in Port Shoreham, Nova Scotia on 11 May 1906; he died in Toronto, Ontario on 19 December 1971.
Oz, Amos (1939– )
The Hebrew author Amos Oz (born Amos Klausner)—an essayist, professor of literature at Ben Gurion University of the Negev, and active contributor to Israeli and…
Manifesto
A manifesto is an articulation of a particular (sometimes numerically or hierarchically ordered) set of theses that correspond to a political or aesthetic movement. In…
The Harvard Society for Contemporary Art
The Harvard Society for Contemporary Art was an art gallery that organized ground-breaking exhibitions of modern painting, sculpture, photography, and architecture. Active from 1929 to…
Boychukysty
The Boychukysty were followers of the Ukrainian monumental painter Mikhajlo Lvovych Boychuk (1882–1937), who advocated a national Ukrainian artistic school drawn from Byzantine, Ukrainian mediaeval,…
Beardsley, Aubrey Vincent (1872–1898)
Aubrey Beardsley was an English illustrator of the late Victorian period. His fluid, sinuous illustrations were influenced by Japanese prints and by the curvilinear Art…
Mallarmé, Stéphane (Étienne) (1842–1898)
Along with Arthur Rimbaud and Paul Verlaine, Stéphane Mallarmé is a preeminent poet of the latter part of the nineteenth century, notably as the head…
Occultism, Spiritualism and Hermeticism
Sometimes called ‘hidden knowledge’, Occultism refers to beliefs and practices concerning the intersection of the material and spiritual worlds, purportedly representing the most ancient religious…
Celan, Paul (1920–1970)
Paul Celan (a pseudonym of Paul Antschel) is one the most distinctive German-language poets of the second half of the twentieth century. Born in 1920…
Yi In-sŏng (1953–)
Yi In-sŏng was a Western-style modernist painter born in Taegu in southern Korea. It was there that he learned the basic techniques of Western-style painting…
Baum, Vicki (1888–1960)
Vicki Baum was born as Hedwig Baum to a Jewish family in Vienna. Trained as a musician in her youth, Baum studied the harp at…
Concrete Poetry
In general, ‘concrete poetry’ refers to a type of literary composition where the material aspects of a text (layout, typography, sound, etc.) are foregrounded and…
Ellis, Havelock (1859–1939)
Henry Havelock Ellis was a pioneer of sexology, the scientific study of human sexuality. As he details in his memoir My Life (1939), he grew…
Hurston, Zora Neale (1891–1960)
Zora Neale Hurston was a writer and anthropologist. Since the Black Arts and Feminist movements of the 1960s and 1970s, she has been commonly acclaimed…
Seurat, Georges-Pierre (1859–1891)
Born in Paris in 1859 to a bourgeois family, painter and draughtsman Georges-Pierre Seurat enjoyed a brief but mature career as the leading French Neo-Impressionist.…
The Irish War of Independence and The Irish Civil War
The Irish War of Independence (Irish: Cogadh na Saoirse), also known as the Anglo–Irish War, began in January 1919 as a guerrilla war waged by…
Yoga
The term ‘yoga’ refers to a heterogeneous matrix of philosophies and practices that originated in India and developed into a school of thought sometime between…
Berdyczewski, Micha Yosef (1865–1921)
Micha Yosef Berdyczewski was a Ukrainian-born writer, journalist and Hebrew scholar who is best known for his modernist writings on the Jewish faith. The son…
Spaces for Modern Art in North Africa
In the twenty-first century, works of modern art appear in national museums, private museums, galleries, and independent exhibit spaces across North Africa (defined here as…
Baron, Dvora (1887-1956)
Dvora Baron, a major writer of the Modern Hebrew Renaissance, or the Tehiyah, was one of the only woman writers to gain recognition in the…
Tucholsky, Dr Kurt (1890–1935)
Kurt Tucholsky was an important and widely-read author, poet, satirist, and editor of small literary forms during the Weimar Republic. He was a prolific writer…