Clark, Lygia (1920–1988)
Lygia Clark was born in 1920 in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. She studied with Roberto Burle Marx before leaving for Europe to learn from Fernand Léger.…
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Hasegawa, Saburô (長谷川三郎) (1906–1957)
Hasegawa Saburô was a Japanese writer, art historian, and abstract painter. Born in Yamaguchi prefecture, as a youth he trained under the oil painter Koide…
Widayat, Haji (1919–2002)
A prolific and influential Javanese artist, Haji Widayat is recognized for his “dekora-magis” (magical-decorative) contribution to Indonesian art. Throughout his five-decade artistic career he experimented…
Gorky, Arshile (ca. 1902–1948)
Arshile Gorky was an Armenian American artist whose work and knowledge of European avant-garde art contributed to the development of Abstract Expressionism. Born Vosdanig Adoian…
Peggy Guggenheim (1898–1979)
In any history of the migrations and transformations of modernism, Peggy Guggenheim (1898–1979) deserves a privileged place. She shares with Marcel Duchamp, a close friend…
Sadali, Ahmad (1924–1987)
Ahmad Sadali was an iconic figure of the Bandung School and remains a key influence as a pioneer in modern abstract painting in Indonesia. Sadali,…
Soedarsono, Srihadi (1931–)
Srihadi Soedarsono is a celebrated painter and prominent figure in the development of Indonesian art, well known for his series of dancing girls and themed…
Mondrian, Piet (1872–1944) [REVISED AND EXPANDED]
The Dutch artist Piet Mondrian was one of the pioneers of abstract art who produced some of the most radical painting of the 20th century.…
Matisse, Henri (1869–1954) [REVISED AND EXPANDED]
Henri Matisse is the key figure, together with Picasso, in French Modernism and the most influential colourist of the 20th century. Matisse initially studied law…
Caro, Anthony (1924–2013)
Anthony Caro played a pivotal role in the development of sculpture in the 20th century. He began his career as an assistant to Henry Moore,…
Hsiao Chin (Xiao Qin) [蕭勤] (1935--)
Hsiao Chin is an abstract painter who was born in Shanghai, China, to an affluent Christian family. His father Hsiao Yu-mei [蕭友梅] founded the Shanghai…
Frankenthaler, Helen (1928–2011)
Helen Frankenthaler was an American painter known for her large, abstract stain paintings. Associated with the second generation of Abstract Expressionists, Frankenthaler is thought to…
Page, Ruth (1899–1991)
Ruth Page was a Chicago-based dancer, choreographer, and director of ballet companies whose experimentalism, disregard for genre boundaries, and affinity for collaboration led her in…
Mondrian, Piet (1872–1944)
The Dutch artist Piet Mondrian was one of the pioneers of abstract art, producing some of the most radical painting of the 20th century. The…
Barr, Alfred H. Jr. (1902–1981)
Alfred H. Barr, Jr. was an art historian and the founding director of the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in Manhattan, New York, from 1929…
Kline, Franz (1910–1962)
A prominent member of the Abstract Expressionists, Franz Kline was born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. In high school he drew cartoons and, after attending Boston University,…
De Stijl (1917–1932)
De Stijl (The Style) was an avant-garde artistic group founded in the Netherlands in 1917. The name was also applied to a journal used to…
Zao Wou-ki (趙無極) (1921–2013)
Zao Wou-ki was a French artist of Chinese birth active in the latter half of the 20th century. His paintings are stylistically akin to those…
Krasner, Lee (1908–1984)
Lee Krasner, born 27 October 1908 in Brooklyn, New York to immigrant parents from Russia, was an abstract expressionist painter whose status as the sole…
Reinhardt, Ad (1913–1967)
Ad Reinhardt, the American painter and illustrator-cartoonist, was born in 1913 and raised in New York City. Reinhardt attended Columbia College, pursued graduate studies in…
Kupka, František (1871–1957)
František Kupka, a Czech-born painter and graphic artist active in France, was a pioneer of abstract painting. His Amorpha: Fugue in Two Colours, shown at…
Late Modernism
Late Modernism is a critics’ term rather than one that artists used themselves. Introducing it in the late 1970s, architectural critic Charles Jencks was probably…
Wong, Wucius (王無邪) (1936–)
Wucius Wong (b.1936) is a Hong Kong artist famous for his integration of grids into Chinese landscape painting. Born in China, Wong moved to Hong…
Latiff, Jaafar (1937--)
Jaafar Latiff, born in Singapore, established his reputation as an abstract artist in the 1960s. He was self-taught; however, his talent saw him easily find…
de Kooning, Willem (1904–1997)
A leading post-World War II artist, Willem de Kooning painted in the vigorous style known as ‘‘gestural abstraction’’ or ‘‘action painting,’’ one of the two…