Kupka, František (1871–1957)
František Kupka, a Czech-born painter and graphic artist active in France, was a pioneer of abstract painting. His Amorpha: Fugue in Two Colours, shown at…
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Late Modernism
Late Modernism is a critics’ term rather than one that artists used themselves. Introducing it in the late 1970s, architectural critic Charles Jencks was probably…
Rayism
An abstract and non-objective style of painting, Rayism (“Luchizm”) was pioneered by the Russian artist Mikhail Larionov in early 1912. The style represented the first…
Chernikhov, Iakov (1889–1951)
Iakov Georgievich Chernikhov was born in Pavlograd, Yekaterinenskav Gubernia, in the Russian Empire (now Dnepropetrovskaya oblast, Ukraine) into an impoverished petit bourgeois Jewish family. Having…
Seven and Five Society
The painter Ivon Hitchens (1893–1979) led the founding of the Seven & Five Society in London in 1919, primarily as an exhibiting society for its…
Chan, Luis (1905–1995)
Luis Chan was a doyen of the Hong Kong art world whose artistic career not only witnessed but also paved the way for the development…
Clark, Lygia (1920–1988)
Lygia Clark was born in 1920 in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. She studied with Roberto Burle Marx before leaving for Europe to learn from Fernand Léger.…
Hasegawa, Saburô (長谷川三郎) (1906–1957)
Hasegawa Saburô was a Japanese writer, art historian, and abstract painter. Born in Yamaguchi prefecture, as a youth he trained under the oil painter Koide…
Widayat, Haji (1919–2002)
A prolific and influential Javanese artist, Haji Widayat is recognized for his “dekora-magis” (magical-decorative) contribution to Indonesian art. Throughout his five-decade artistic career he experimented…
Gorky, Arshile (ca. 1902–1948)
Arshile Gorky was an Armenian American artist whose work and knowledge of European avant-garde art contributed to the development of Abstract Expressionism. Born Vosdanig Adoian…
Peggy Guggenheim (1898–1979)
In any history of the migrations and transformations of modernism, Peggy Guggenheim (1898–1979) deserves a privileged place. She shares with Marcel Duchamp, a close friend…
Sadali, Ahmad (1924–1987)
Ahmad Sadali was an iconic figure of the Bandung School and remains a key influence as a pioneer in modern abstract painting in Indonesia. Sadali,…
Pollock, Jackson (1912–1956)
Jackson Pollock was one of the leading figures of Abstract Expressionism in mid-twentieth century America. He began his career working for the Federal Art Project,…
Tanguy, Yves (1900–1955)
Yves Tanguy was a French painter and one of the principal members of the Surrealist group. His main artistic output consisted of oil paintings, which…
Yoshihara, Jiro
Jiro Yoshihara was the founder—with Shozo Shimamoto and a younger generation of students—of the Gutai Art Association (1954–72). He organized the association’s events, such as…
Sirry, Gazbia (1925--)
Gazbia Sirry is an Egyptian painter. Throughout her sixty-year career, Sirry responded to political, social, and artistic shifts in Egypt. She is well respected for…
Latiff, Jaafar (1937--)
Jaafar Latiff, born in Singapore, established his reputation as an abstract artist in the 1960s. He was self-taught; however, his talent saw him easily find…
de Kooning, Willem (1904–1997)
A leading post-World War II artist, Willem de Kooning painted in the vigorous style known as ‘‘gestural abstraction’’ or ‘‘action painting,’’ one of the two…
Legaspi, Cesar Torrente (1917–1994)
Cesar Legaspi was a Filipino painter known as one of the 13 Moderns, a group of emergent artists whose work, according to artist-art educator Victorio…
Apollo (1909–1917)
Apollo (Apollon, 1909–1917) was the third and last major Russian modernist art periodical before the revolution of 1917. Edited by the art critic and art…
Rothko, Mark (1903-1970)
Mark Rothko is one of the most celebrated painters from a group that matured in the US of the 1940s, later dubbed ‘The New York…
Cassab, Judy (1920–2015)
Judy Cassab was a celebrated portrait and landscape painter, as well as a printmaker. Painting in her own distinctive expressionist style, her work employed both…
Scheyer, Galka E. (1889–1945)
Galka E. Scheyer was a German-American painter, art dealer, art collector, and art teacher. Born into a middle-class Jewish family in Braunschweig, Germany, Scheyer studied…
Washington Color Painters
Washington Color Painters were a group of non-objective, post-painterly abstractionists working in Washington, DC, in the late 1960s, who believed that the formal property of…
D Group
The D Group was a loose association of painters and sculptors who exhibited regularly together between 1933 and 1947. The group took its name from…