Equal Temperament
Equal temperament is a musical tuning strategy which deals mathematically with musical intervals in order to allow perfect transposition; it replaced the Pythagorean approach. The…
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Cubism
Cubism is an influential modernist art movement that emerged in Paris during the first decade of the twentieth century. The term was established by Parisian…
Microtonality
Microtonality refers to any use of pitch that departs from twelve equally-spaced tones per octave (twelve-tone equal temperament), the standard tuning established in Europe since…
Damrong Wong Uparaj (1936–2002)
Born in Chiang Rai, Thailand, Wong Uparaj studied Fine Arts at Silpakorn University. On completion of his degree in 1964 he received a British Council…
Kolatkar, Arun (1932–2004)
Kolatkar was a bilingual poet who wrote in English and Marathi, and also worked as a graphic artist. He was one among several writers from…
Lawrence, Jacob (1917–2000)
Jacob Lawrence was an artist and educator, as well as the first African American artist of the 20th century to achieve critical acclaim and sustained…
Nimsamer, Chalood (1929--)
Beginning his career in the 1950s, Chalood Nimsamer became one of the most influential contemporary Thai artists. Recognized as a Thai national artist in 1998,…
Volpi, Alfredo (1896–1988)
One of Brazil’s greatest colorists, Alfredo Volpi (b. 1896, Lucca, Italy; d. 1988, São Paulo, Brazil), immigrated with his parents to Brazil in 1897 and…
Roy, Jamini (1887–1972)
Jamini Roy is considered one of the most important modern artists of pre-independent India. While proficient in Western academic realism, he completely rejected the style…
Varma, Raja Ravi (1848–1906)
Raja Ravi Varma transformed the way Indian gods and goddesses were pictured, and he did so with oil painting—a new import in 19th-century India. By…
Wadsworth, Edward Alexander (1889–1949)
Edward Wadsworth played an important role alongside Wyndham Lewis in the short-lived avant-garde movement of Vorticism in 1913–1914. He continued to work in the abstracted,…
Balanchine, George (1904–1983)
George Balanchine (Georgii Melitonovich Balanchivadze), arguably the greatest ballet choreographer of the twentieth century, was at once both modernist and traditionalist. Unlike many radical innovators,…
Just Intonation
Just intonation is a system of tuning musical intervals based on simple ratios between the frequencies of their constituent pitches. For voices and most musical…
Werefkin, Marianne (1960–1937)
Werefkin was born into an aristocratic family and herself a baroness. Her mother, Elizabeth Daragan, was an artist; her father, an army general decorated by…
Eybers, Elisabeth (1915–2007)
Elisabeth Eybers is regarded as the first of the great Afrikaans female poets. She was born in the Western Transvaal and lived in Johannesburg both…
Georgi, Yvonne (1903–1975)
Yvonne Georgi was a major figure in the evolution of modern dance in Germany. She amplified the scale of modern dance performances by expanding the…
Munch, Edvard (1863–1944)
Edvard Munch was a Norwegian painter, printmaker and sculptor, who experimented with photography and film. He is one of the main forerunners of Expressionism, and…
Suro, Darío (1918–1997)
One of the Dominican Republic’s foremost modern painters, Darío Suro’s heterodox style of painting encompassed a wide range of styles from the impressionist mood of…
The Santiniketan School
The Santiniketan School refers to a small group of artists who were active in Santiniketan, a small university town north of Calcutta, from 1921 to…
O’Gorman, Juan (1905–1982)
Perhaps the best way to understand the Mexican architect and painter Juan O’Gorman is through his self-portrait of 1950 in which he depicts himself in…
Kirstein, Lincoln Edward (1907–1996)
Lincoln Kirstein was an American impresario, writer, and philanthropist, best known as the patron and champion of choreographer George Balanchine, whom he brought to the…
Page, P. K. (1916–2010)
Patricia Kathleen Page described herself as a traveller, and invoked this status through both her poetry (under P. K. Page), and her visual art (under…
Neue Sachlichkeit in Visual Arts [New Objectivity in Visual Arts]
Neue Sachlichkeit, which can be translated as “New Objectivity,” was the name given to a tendency in painting which, from about 1921 on, returned to…
Bértola, Eduardo (1939--1996)
Eduardo Bértola was born in Coronel Moldes, Córdoba, Argentina, 14 July 1939, and died in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, on 20 February 1996. Bértola was part…
Colson, Jaime (1901–1975)
One of the founders of the modernist movement in twentieth-century Dominican art, Jaime Colson worked in a variety of media that included drawing and painting.…