Sorabji, Kaikhosru Shapurji (1892–1988)
Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji was an English composer, pianist, music critic, and writer about music mainly associated with large-scale works for the piano lasting several hours…
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Widmer, Ernst (1927--1990)
Ernst Widmer considered himself a Brazilian citizen, a Brazilian composer who was born and educated in Switzerland but who bloomed in the tropics. Actually, the…
McKayle, Donald (1930–)
In the mid-twentieth century, Donald McKayle became known for creating powerful modern dance works dealing with contemporary African-American experiences. He also helped break down color…
Literary Agents
Despite early resistance from publishers such as William Heinemann, the expansion of British and American literary markets between 1880 and World War I rendered the…
Shearer, Sybil (1912–2005)
In the modern dance world, Sybil Shearer was by most accounts an idiosyncratic, singular, and somewhat esoteric figure whose career spanned the second half of…
Googie Architecture
Googie architecture was a vernacular style of architecture that emerged in post-Second World War America, primarily in Southern California. Replacing Streamline Moderne as the style…
Durkheim, Émile (1858–1917)
David Émile Durkheim was a founding figure of sociology in France. His conceptual development of the “division of labour” (1893) remains key to a sociological…
McLaren, Norman (1914–87)
Born in Scotland, Norman McLaren was a filmmaker and one of the most inventive creators of animation films. His career is closely connected to the…
Fascist Modernism
Fascist modernism is an artistic and literary movement emphasizing extreme nationalism, romantic anti-capitalism, and cultural renewal most closely associated with Fascist Italy, Vichy France, and…
Warren, Robert Penn (1905–1989)
Robert Penn Warren was a renowned poet, novelist, critic and educator. He matriculated to Vanderbilt University in 1921, where, with Allen Tate (1899–1979) and John…
Jaspers, Karl (1883−1969)
Karl Jaspers was a German psychiatrist and existential philosopher. After graduating from medical school in 1908, Jaspers took up a research position in a psychiatric…
Kreutzberg, Harald (1902–1968)
Harald Kreutzberg was among the most widely known German dancers from the mid-1930s through the early 1960s, and he was certainly the most famous German…
Ferdinand de Saussure (26 November 1857 – 22 February 1913)
The Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure received his doctorate from the University of Leipzig in 1880, taught at the École Pratique des Haute Études in…
Tremblay, Gilles (1932--)
Composer and musical pedagogue Gilles Tremblay made significant contributions to the development of musical composition in Quebec in the second half of the twentieth century.…
Akerman, Chantal (1950–2015)
Chantal Akerman was a Belgian filmmaker, artist, and film professor known for her austere, minimalistic style, her feminist themes, and her depictions of alienation, dislocation,…
Brik, Osip (1888–1945)
Osip Maksimovich (Meerovich) Brik (Осип Максимович Брик) was a prominent Soviet poet and critic, editor of Left Front of the Arts (LEF) and a founding…
Anton Webern (1883−1945)
Webern was one of the three principal composers of the Second Viennese School. Probably Arnold Schoenberg’s first private pupil and a devoted lifelong friend, he…
Al-Afghani, Jamal al-Din جمال الدين الافغاني (1838–97)
Jamal al-Din Al-Afghani (1838–1897) is considered the “father of Islamic Modernism.” As a philosopher, writer, orator, and journalist, Al-Afghani affected Islamic thought from the Indian…
Rocha, Glauber (1939–1981)
Glauber Rocha de Andrade (Vitória da Conquista, 1939–1981) was a Brazilian film critic, screenwriter, producer, and director. Arguably the most important director of the cinema…
Woolf, Leonard (1880–1969)
Leonard Woolf was an essayist, author, political activist, and publisher. He joined the civil service in 1904 and spent seven years in Ceylon, which experience…
Grimké, Angelina Weld (1880–1958)
African American poet, fiction writer, and playwright Angelina Weld Grimké was born in Boston in 1880, the daughter of Sarah Stanley, who was White, and…
Sorel, Georges (1847–1922)
Georges Sorel was a French social thinker and political theorist. An engineer of modest bourgeois extraction, he was a state employee for twenty-five years. He…
Hula
Hula, as the Native Hawaiian scholar Mary Kawena Pukui (1895–1986) noted, is a general name for Hawaii’s folk dances. While it is impossible to point…
Bresson, Robert (1901–99)
Robert Bresson was a film director and one of the most important representatives of French cinema. His work with its stark, austere style and focus…
Academic Realism, Korean
Academic Realism refers to the mainstream style of Western painting from the Japanese colonial era (1910–45), as exemplified by works shown at the Joseon Art…