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Whitman Sisters

Mabel (1880–1942), Essie (1882–1963), Alberta (1888–1964) and Alice (1900–1969) were the daughters of Albery Allson Whitman, a reverend in the African Methodist Episcopal church (and…

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Peláez, Amelia (1886–1968)

Amelia Peláez is one of Latin America’s leading artists of the twentieth century. After her return to Cuba from Europe in 1934, Peláez began to…

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Rakosi, Carl (1903–2004)

Carl Rakosi was an innovative American poet associated with the Objectivist movement in American poetry. His career spanned much of the twentieth century and extended…

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al-Ḥājj, Unsī (1937–2014)

Unsī al-Ḥājj (1937–2014) was a Lebanese poet largely recognized as the pioneer of Arabic prose poems (qaṣīdat al-nathr) thanks to his renowned but controversial first…

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Tenshin, Okakura (1863–1913)

Okakura Tenshin, also known as Okakura Kakuzô, was a Japanese scholar and writer whose major works include The Ideals of the East with Special Reference…

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Shawqi, Ahmad (احمد شوقي) (1868–1932)

Ahmad Shawqi was the leading poet and pioneer playwright of the neo-classical period of Arabic literature. Shawqi benefited from a secular education, which allowed him…

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Tuqan, Fadwa (1917–2003)

This renowned Palestinian poet and activist was born to a rich and politically influential family in Nablus, a Palestinian city in the northern West Bank,…

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McTaggart, John McTaggart Ellis (1866–1925)

Cambridge philosopher, metaphysician, and mystic John McTaggart Ellis McTaggart was a key figure in initiating modernist shifts in philosophy by challenging traditional understandings of Christian…

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Foulds, John (1880–1939)

John Herbert Foulds (1880–1939) was an English composer of classical music who found popularity with his light music and theatrical scores, but also created more…

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Ju Ming (1938–)

Ju Ming, also known as Ju Chuantai, is one the most prominent Taiwanese sculptors to have emerged in the latter half of the twentieth century.…

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Obstfelder, Sigbjørn (1866–1900)

Sigbjørn Obstfelder is considered the first Norwegian modernist writer. He wrote poetry, dramas and novels but is primarily known for his collection of poems, Digte…

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Sá-Carneiro, Mário de (1890–1916)

Mário de Sá-Carneiro was one of the major exponents of Portuguese modernism. Although his literary production is limited to just a few years, from 1913…

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Maritain, Jacques (1882–1973)

Jacques Maritain was a leader among those who attempted to update and transform Catholic teaching for the modern world. Born to a Protestant republican, he…

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Orozco, José Clemente (1883–1949)

José Clemente Orozco was one of a trio of painters of the Mexican Mural Movement, called Los Tres Grandes (The Three Great Ones), the others…

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Platonov, Andrei (1899–1951)

Born into the family of a railway worker, Andrei Platonovich Klimentov began publishing poetry and essays soon after the 1917 revolution, adopting the pseudonym Andrei…

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Precision Dancing

Precision dancing epitomizes industrial production lines in the modernist era. The genre previewed the precision and formalism that is more associated with graphics and decorative…

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Dreyer, Carl Theodor (1889–1968)

Carl Theodor Dreyer was a journalist, theatre critic, scriptwriter and film director born and brought up in Copenhagen. It is difficult to speak of a…

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Valenzuela, Rosa Mena (1913–2004)

As a pioneer of Expressionism in El Salvador, Rosa Mena Valenzuela was responsible for some of the most radical transformations in Salvadoran art in the…

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Lowry, Laurence Stephen (1887–1976)

L. S. Lowry was a modern British artist celebrated for his depictions of Salford and Manchester. As well as making portraits, landscapes, and seascapes, he…

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Miranda, Carmen (1909–1955)

Portuguese-born Brazilian singer, dancer and actress Carmen Miranda defied twentieth-century social and theatrical conventions to become a modern pop icon, an emblem of Hollywood’s Latina…

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Bo, Carlo (1911–2001)

Carlo Bo was a poet, literary critic, and professor at the University of Urbino in Italy; he was one of the foremost authorities on French…

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Olesha, Yuri (1899–1960)

Yuri Olesha was a major figure in Soviet Russian modernism, known for his meticulous craftsmanship, original imagery, and unexpected perspective. He enjoyed great success as…

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Vesy

A Russian monthly journal devoted to criticism, literature, and art, appearing from January 1904 to December 1909. Vesy was a leading organ of Russian Symbolism,…