Moses, Robert (1888–1981)
Robert Moses was an influential urban planner in New York State in the mid-20th century. Born in New Haven, Connecticut, in 1888, he relocated with…
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Duhart, Emilio (1917–2006)
The Chilean architect Emilio Duhart Harosteguy is one of the most recognised modern architects and urban planners in the country. He is especially notable for…
Literature Subject Overview
Literary modernism is a truly global and plural phenomenon, playing out in multiple cultural paradigms, in various timeframes, and in response to diverse experiences of…
Stephenson, Sam (1933–2006)
Sam Stephenson was a controversial Irish architect whose work throughout the 1970s and 1980s sparked debates about brutalist architecture and planning regulations. His best-known works…
Vivas, Fruto (1928--)
A successful architect born in the Venezuelan Andes, Fruto Vivas received his training in Caracas during a period of booming modernization mid-20th-century. His approach to…
Romañach, J. Mario (1917–1984)
Based on the quality of design in his projects both built and unbuilt, the significant output of work during his relatively short career in Cuba…
Meyer, Hannes (1889–1954)
Hannes Meyer was a Swiss modernist architect, educator, and the second director of the Bauhaus from 1928 to 1930. He believed that architecture and planning…
Sanabria, Tomás José (1922–2008)
Sanabria is a representative figure of the second generation of 20th-century Venezuelan architects. He studied in the United States of America after World War II…
Inclán, Pedro Martínez (1883–1957)
The urban development of modern Havana and the emergence of a planning discourse in Cuba owes much of its existence to the efforts of architect,…
Yoshizaka, Takamasa (1917–1980)
Yoshizaka was among the last in a series of Japanese architects to pass through Le Corbusier’s Paris atelier. The son of a diplomat, he was…
Grupo Austral (1939–1950)
Grupo Austral was an association of architects that operated chiefly in Buenos Aires, Argentina, from 1939 until approximately 1950. The catalan architect Antonio Bonet met…
Stam, Mart (1899–1986)
Mart (Martinus Adrianus) Stam (b. in 1899 in Purmerend, Netherlands—d. in 1986 in Goldach, Switzerland) was a Dutch architect, designer, and architectural theorist, and was…
Rationalism
Rationalism [Ratsionalizm] was a modernist movement in Soviet architecture that was current in the 1920s and early 1930s. It was led by the architect and…
Modernism in Austria-Hungary
Modernism in Austria-Hungary developed in the imperial capital Vienna and other major cities such as Prague, Budapest, and Trieste. In the coffees houses of these…
Gómez, Pedro Nel (1899–1984)
Born in Medellín, Colombia on July 4, Pedro Nel Gómez influenced a generation of artists as the first muralist in Colombia, and as a radical…
Samper, Germán (1924--)
Germán Samper Gnecco was born in Bogotá, Colombia, on April 18, 1924. He studied architecture at the National University of Colombia. Shortly after finishing his…
Ramírez Vázquez, Pedro (1919–2013)
Pedro Ramírez Vázquez is arguably the father of Mexican modern architecture. He studied at the School of Architecture of the National Autonomous University of Mexico,…
Mumford, Lewis (1895–1990)
Lewis Mumford was a prolific author, social philosopher and prominent American critic of architecture and Urbanism. A native of New York City, he penned a…
Niemeyer, Oscar (1907–2012)
Oscar Ribeiro de Almeida Niemeyer Soares Filho, better known as Oscar Niemeyer, was a prolific Brazilian architect and one of the leading Latin American exponents of…
Pani Darqui, Mario (1911–1993)
Mexican architect Mario Pani spent his formative years between Belgium, Italy, and France due to his father’s diplomatic posts. After graduating from the Écoles des…
Costa, Lúcio (1902–1998)
Brazilian architect Lúcio Marçal Ferreira Ribeiro Lima Costa was a founding father and one the main exponents of Brazilian modern architecture. After passing his childhood…
Rother, Leopoldo (1894–1978)
Although German by birth, Leopoldo Rother was a Colombian architect who exerted a great influence in the development of Colombian modern architecture. Rother is known…
Kurokawa, Kishō [黒川紀章] (1934–2007)
Kishō Kurokawa [黒川紀章] was born in 1934 in Kanie, Aichi prefecture, Japan, and studied architecture at Kyoto University, obtaining his bachelor’s degree in architecture in…