Jensen, Johannes V. (1873–1950)
Winner of the 1944 Nobel Prize in literature, the novelist and poet Johannes V. Jensen was Denmark’s major 20th-century literary figure. Much celebrated for his…
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Kristensen, (Aage) Tom (1893–1974)
Tom Kristensen was the most influential exponent of Expressionism in 1920s Denmark. During this period he wrote both poetry and novels that gave voice to…
Sørensen, Villy (1929–2001)
Villy Sørensen was a prominent intellectual figure of 20th-century Denmark. His work spanned social commentary, philosophy, and literature. He was a sophisticated literary critic, author…
Rifbjerg, Klaus (1931–2015)
Since the late 1950s, Klaus Rifbjerg has been a dominant figure of literary modernism in Denmark. His productivity is legendary (his bibliography includes more than…
Claussen, Sophus (1865–1931)
Sophus Claussen is considered one of the foremost Danish poets of the period spanning the 19th and 20th centuries. As a regular contributor to the…
Højholt, Per (1928–2004)
Per Højholt was one of the most productive and influential Danish writers of the 20th century. He made his debut in 1948 at the age…
Lagerkvist, Pär (1891-1974)
Born in Växjö, Sweden, Pär Lagerkvist pursued academic studies at Uppsala University where he befriended artists associated with the avant-garde in Sweden. Lagerkvist visited Paris…
Rachilde (1860–1953)
Known mainly for her prose fiction of the Decadent period, the French writer Rachilde contributed to modernist theater in a number of ways. She was…
Mawson, Thomas Hayton (1861–1933)
The self-trained English landscape architect and town planner Thomas Hayton Mawson became one of the most successful designers of the first decades of the twentieth…
Tucholsky, Dr Kurt (1890–1935)
Kurt Tucholsky was an important and widely-read author, poet, satirist, and editor of small literary forms during the Weimar Republic. He was a prolific writer…
Blixen, Karen (1885–1962)
Karen Blixen was a singular figure in 20th century Danish literary life. In the 1930s, when Blixen started writing, Danish literature was dominated by social…
Jader, Khalid al- (1922–1988)
Dr Khalid al-Jader was born in Baghdad, Iraq. He had a distinguished career as an Iraqi artist, scholar, and administrator throughout the mid-20th century. He…
Bang, Herman (1857–1912)
Herman Joachim Bang was a Danish author, journalist, lecturer and theater director. He was born on the island of Als near the site of the…
Brandes, Georg Morris Cohen (1842–1927)
The Danish literary critic Georg Brandes is known as the force behind the modern breakthrough in Scandinavian literature in the late 19th century. Inspired by…
Modern Breakthrough
The Modern Breakthrough is a category of literary history first used in 1883 by the Danish critic Georg Brandes. Brandes used it to group together…
Dreyer, Carl Theodor (1889–1968)
Carl Theodor Dreyer was a journalist, theatre critic, scriptwriter and film director born and brought up in Copenhagen. It is difficult to speak of a…
Cecil Edwin Frans Skotnes (1926–2009)
Cecil Skotnes (b. 1926, East London, Eastern Cape, South Africa; d. 2009, Cape Town, South Africa) was a print-maker, woodcarver, and educator who played a…
Chitt Chongmankhong (1922–2009)
Chitt Chongmankhong was one of Thailand’s foremost artistic photographers, and is today referred to as “the father of Thai photography” (Chongmankhong 1998: 23). He is…
Delsarte, François (1811–1871)
A performer and teacher of voice and movement, François Delsarte developed a theory of expression that influenced modern dance, actor training, poetic recitation, silent film,…
Münter, Gabriele (1877–1962)
Gabriele Münter was a key figure in German Expressionism. Born in Berlin, she moved to Munich in 1901 where she became an active participant in…
CoBrA (1948–1951)
CoBrA was a European avant-garde movement active from 1948 to 1951, primarily known for a painterly style of coloristic disfiguration. The name is an acronym…
Pick, Frank (1878–1941)
Frank Pick was a design patron and early champion of modernism in Britain. As the head of London Transport, he transformed the company into the…
Berlin Conference (1884–1885) [REVISED AND EXPANDED]
The Berlin West Africa Conference of 1884–5, as it was called, ushered in what became known as the New Imperialism. While the first waves of…
Modernist Shakespearean Cinema
From the moment of its birth cinema generated its own forms of Shakespeare. About 400 Shakespearean films were produced during the silent era, even though…
Gubaidulina, Sofia Asgatovna (1931--)
Sofia Gubaidulina was born in Chistopol in the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, of mixed Russian and Tatar parentage. After graduating from Kazan Conservatoire in…