Cézanne, Paul (1839–1906)
Paul Cézanne was a French painter, whose innovative techniques and original interpretations of traditional genres made him perhaps the most influential artist in the early…
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Cubism
Cubism is an influential modernist art movement that emerged in Paris during the first decade of the twentieth century. The term was established by Parisian…
Grupo Santa Helena
The Santa Helena Group, made up mostly of wall painters, artisans, and amateur easel painters, had its origins in Brazil in the second half of…
Modersohn-Becker, Paula (1876–1907)
Paula Modersohn-Becker was born in Dresden and moved to Bremen with her family in 1888. After finishing her studies at a teacher training college, she…
Matisse, Henri (1869–1954) [REVISED AND EXPANDED]
Henri Matisse is the key figure, together with Picasso, in French Modernism and the most influential colourist of the 20th century. Matisse initially studied law…
Schapiro, Meyer (1904–1996)
Art historian Meyer Schapiro was born in Šiauliai [Shavley], Lithuania, on September 23, 1904, but soon immigrated to the United States with his family in…
Post-Impressionism
The British critic Roger Fry devised the term “Post-Impressionism” in 1910 while organizing an exhibition in London at the Grafton Galleries to introduce recent French…
Liu Haisu [劉海粟] (1896–1994)
Liu Haisu was a painter, art educator, exhibition organizer, and key figure in introducing Western art to China in the 20th century. As the founder…
Delaunay, Robert (1885–1941)
Robert-Victor-Félix Delaunay was one of the precursors of abstract painting in Europe. He played a critical role in establishing abstract painting before World War I…
The 1913 Armory Show, New York City
The 1913 Armory Show was the first comprehensive exhibition of modern art to take place in the United States and served as America’s introduction to…
Stieglitz, Alfred (1864–1946)
Alfred Stieglitz (1864–1946) was an American art collector, dealer and photographer who was one of the earliest supporters of modernist art in the United States.…
Arensberg, Walter (1878–1954)
Walter Arensberg (April 4, 1878 to January 29, 1954) and his wife, Louise Stevens Arensberg (1879–1953), were influential patrons of the avant-garde, building a collection…
Ernst, Max (1891–1976)
Max Ernst was a painter, sculptor and printmaker. He was born in Germany, but he lived in Paris and then New York; he returned to…
Bell, Vanessa (1879–1961)
Vanessa Bell was a painter and decorative artist, and an innovator in interior design, who became central to the development of modernism in Britain in…
Athenaeum, The [REVISED AND EXPANDED]
The Athenaeum, ‘A Journal of Literature, Science, and the Arts’, was published weekly in London between 1828 and 1921. John Middleton Murry was its final…
Braque, Georges (1882–1963)
Georges Braque was a major French modernist painter of the twentieth century who created and developed the cubist painting technique. Upon meeting Picasso in 1907,…
Rilke, Rainer Maria (1875–1926)
Rilke was a preeminent German-speaking poet of the beginning of the twentieth century. His early poetical works were still conventional and bathed in neoromantic sentimentality.…
Eight, The
Known in Czech as Osma and in German as Die Acht, the Eight was an artistic association at the forefront of the modern movement in…
Art Deco
Art Deco was the predominant decorative style in Europe and the United States between the World Wars, before spreading internationally and reaching its climax in…
Zelaya Sierra, Pablo (1896–1933)
Pablo Zelaya Sierra was one the earliest Honduran artists to engage in modernist pictorial practices. He was still a teenager when he travelled by foot…
Camden Town Group
Founded in 1911 and active in London before World War I, the Camden Town Group played an important role in the development of a distinctively…
Matisse, Henri (1869–1954)
Henri Matisse is a key figure in French modernism and is considered to be the most influential colourist of 20th-century art. A French painter, sculptor,…
Tamayo, Rufino (1899–1991)
A Mexican painter and muralist of indigenous heritage, Rufino Tamayo was one of the most important representatives of figurative abstraction and poetic realism in 20th-century…