Bjørnson, Bjørnstjerne Martinius (1832–1910)
Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson is one of the most important Scandinavian writers of the second half of the 19th century, a novelist and playwright as well as…
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Brandes, Georg Morris Cohen (1842–1927)
The Danish literary critic Georg Brandes is known as the force behind the modern breakthrough in Scandinavian literature in the late 19th century. Inspired by…
Lie, Jonas (1833–1908)
Jonas Lie was a leading Norwegian novelist during the Scandinavian Modern Breakthrough, a period of literary realism and naturalism spanning 1870 to 1890. His major…
Przybyszewski, Stanislaw (1868–1927)
Stanislaw Przybyszewski (1868–1927), highly controversial author of German tongue and Polish provenance, catalyst of German-Scandinavian modernity, and satanist, was widely read in Europe at the…
Garborg, Arne Aadne Eivindsson (1851–1924)
Arne Garborg was one of the most prominent Norwegian writers of the latter half of the 19th century, and the first decades of the 20th…
Strindberg, August (1849–1912)
August Strindberg is Sweden’s most important writer and one of the most influential dramatists of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Along with Henrik…
Modern Breakthrough
The Modern Breakthrough is a category of literary history first used in 1883 by the Danish critic Georg Brandes. Brandes used it to group together…
Rachilde (1860–1953)
Known mainly for her prose fiction of the Decadent period, the French writer Rachilde contributed to modernist theater in a number of ways. She was…
Jensen, Johannes V. (1873–1950)
Winner of the 1944 Nobel Prize in literature, the novelist and poet Johannes V. Jensen was Denmark’s major 20th-century literary figure. Much celebrated for his…
Henrik Johan Ibsen (1828–1906)
Henrik Ibsen is Norway’s most important writer and one of the most influential dramatists of the second half of the nineteenth century. His dramatic production…
Hamsun, Knut (1859–1952)
Norwegian writer Knut Hamsun’s novels anticipated modernist psychological fiction and influenced a generation of major European figures. Winner of the 1920 Nobel Prize in literature,…
Larsen, Nella (1891–1964)
Nella Larsen was an American novelist active in the 1920s and one of the central figures of ‘Manhattan modernism.’ She is best known for two…
Bang, Herman (1857–1912)
Herman Joachim Bang was a Danish author, journalist, lecturer and theater director. He was born on the island of Als near the site of the…
Chissano, Alberto (1935–1994)
Alberto Mabungulane Chissano first tried his hand at wood sculpture in 1964, and in the first decade of his career had his work displayed in…
Leffler (Edgren), Anne Charlotte (1849–1892)
Anne Charlotte Leffler was one of the most acclaimed Swedish women writers of the modern breakthrough in late 19th-century Scandinavia. Joining the circle known as…
CoBrA (1948–1951)
CoBrA was a European avant-garde movement active from 1948 to 1951, primarily known for a painterly style of coloristic disfiguration. The name is an acronym…
Populism
The most salient first use of the term populism and its cognates can be found in late 19th-century Tsarist Russia. The Russian peasant Narodniki [populists]…
Rulfo, Juan Nepomuceno Carlos Pérez Vizcaíno (1917–1986)
Juan Rulfo was a Mexican writer and photographer and is considered one of the most influential writers of Spanish-language literature in the modern age. His…
Modern Folk Dance
Modern folk dance is a turn of the twentieth-century revivalist practice based upon a participatory dance form originating within village-based ethnic communities of northern Europe.…