Modernism in Europe
We are living in a very singular moment of history. It is a moment of crisis, in the literal sense of that word. In every…
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Osaka Elegy (1936)
Osaka Elegy is an early sound film by Japanese film director Mizoguchi Kenji. It features elements of Mizoguchi's trademark style, such as lateral tracking shots,…
Mu, Shiying (1912–1940)
A leading member of the Shanghai-based New Sensationist Movement (xin ganjuepai), Mu Shiying is best known for a set of short stories he wrote in…
Frankfurt School
The Frankfurt School (Institute für Sozialforschung) was founded in 1923 by Felix Weil and fellow students Max Horkheimer and Friedrich Pollack, and was originally endowed…
Aestheticism
Aestheticism refers to a late-Victorian tendency to argue that art is its own justification and should therefore be judged by purely aesthetic criteria. Closely related…
Physical Culture
The obsession with physical culture apparent throughout the tense and formative modernist movement extended well beyond sport, games, and purposive exercise through gymnastics, body building,…