McLaren, Norman (1914–87)
Born in Scotland, Norman McLaren was a filmmaker and one of the most inventive creators of animation films. His career is closely connected to the…
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Fleischer Brothers (1883–1972 and 1894–1979)
Max Fleischer (17 July 1883–11 September 1972) and his brother Dave (14 July 1894–25 June 1979) were innovators in the world of animated film and…
Ghosts Before Breakfast [Vormittagsspuk] (1928)
Ghosts Before Breakfast (German title: Vormittagsspuk) is a short, experimental, avant-garde animated film from 1928 by Hans Richter. The film, coming almost four years after…
Surrealism Overview
Soupault’s publication of Manifeste du Surréalism in 1924. Rising in the wake of the First World War, Surrealism revolted against a world that had become…
Tezuka, Osamu (1928–1989)
Tezuka Osamu was a manga (comic) artist, animator, and film director often called the “God of Manga” for his enormous lasting impact upon the manga…
Trnka, Jiŕí (1912–1969)
Jiŕí Trnka (pronounced “Yershy Trinka”) was the foremost Czech puppet animator and a major influence on all subsequent Eastern European puppet animators. He trained under…
Fantasia (1940)
Fantasia is an animated American film produced by Walt Disney. The film consists of eight animated segments, of which ‘The Sorcerer’s Apprentice’ is the most…
Reiniger, Lotte (1899–1981)
Charlotte 'Lotte' Reiniger (1899–1981), born in Berlin, the first woman animator, was the foremost practitioner of silhouette animation (paper cut-outs lit from beneath and manipulated…
Starevich, Vladislav (1882–1965)
Pioneering puppet animator Vladislav Starevich was born to Polish parents in political exile in Moscow. He initially filmed ethnographic and entomological subjects for Moscow’s Khanzhonkov…
Messmer, Otto (1892–1983)
Otto Messmer was a pioneering animator whose Felix the Cat was the first internationally famous cartoon character. Messmer was born in New Jersey and went…
Hubley, John (1914–1977) and Elliott, Faith (1924–2001)
Animator John Hubley, born in Marinette, Wisconsin, served as creative head of UPA (United Productions of America) in its early years and originated its most…
Cohl, Emile (1857–1938)
Emile Cohl (Emile Eugène Jean Louis Courtet), a renowned caricaturist and pioneering filmmaker born in Paris, is often credited with inventing the animated cartoon. In…
Olesha, Yuri (1899–1960)
Yuri Olesha was a major figure in Soviet Russian modernism, known for his meticulous craftsmanship, original imagery, and unexpected perspective. He enjoyed great success as…
Erdman, Nikolai Robertovich (ЭРДМАН НИКОЛАЙ РОБЕРТОВИЧ) (1900–1970)
Nikolai Robertovich Erdman was a Soviet playwright, screenwriter, and poet. He was born and died in Moscow. In his youth he associated with the Russian…
Disney, Walter Elias (1901–1966)
Walt Disney, (b. 5 December 1901, d. 15 December 1966) born in Chicago and raised in Kansas City, Missouri, was a film producer and entrepreneur who built…
Surrealism Overview
Soupault’s publication of Manifeste du Surréalism in 1924. Rising in the wake of the First World War, Surrealism revolted against a world that had become…