Modernism in Hindi Literature
The advent of modernism is Hindi literature is commonly dated to the publication in 1943 of an anthology of seven young poets, Tar Saptak (Septet).…
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Modernism in South Asia
In South Asia, a certain haziness regarding modernism and modernity derives not only from the manner in which they can be elided with each other,…
Bharati, Dharamvir (1926–1997)
Dharamvir Bharati was one of the most versatile literary figures of modern Hindi Literature in independent India. Born on 25 December, 1926 in a Kayastha…
Verma, Nirmal (1929–2005)
Nirmal Verma was among the most prominent and distinguished Hindi novelists, essayists, and short story writers of the second half of the 20th century. Though…
Vatsyayan, Sachchidanananda (1911–1987)
Sachchidanananda Vatsyayan (1911–1987), better known as Agyeya, was one of the key figures of Hindi modernism. Though known primarily as a poet, he wrote two…
Muktibodh, Gajanan Madhav (1917–1964)
Gajanan Madhav Muktibodh was a prominent poet for both modernism and left-oriented progressive Hindi literature. His development of the imaginary, his generic innovation of the…
Nayi Kahani
The Nayi Kahani [New Story], a literary movement in Hindi literature, is associated chiefly with the names of Nirmal Verma (1929–2005), Rajendra Yadav (1929--), Mohan…
Dutt, Guru (1925–1964)
Guru Dutt, original name Vasanth Kumar Shivsankar Padukone, was a highly influential actor, writer, producer, and director of the Hindi film industry based in Bombay.…
Nayi Kavita
Nayi Kavita [New Poetry] is a movement associated with Agyeya (1911–1987) and the seven poets published in Agyeya’s 1943 collection Tar Saptak (the name refers…
Rakesh, Mohan (1925–1972)
Mohan Rakesh was a leading twentieth-century Indian author whose drama, fiction, and criticism played a pivotal role in the Indian modernist movement after independence (1947–),…
Tripathi, Suryakant (c.1899–1961)
Suryakant Tripathi, better known as ‘Nirala’, was a poet, novelist, essayist, translator, and participant in the Chhayavad movement of the 1920s and 1930s. He is…
Tendulkar, Vijay (1928–2008)
Vijay Tendulkar was an Indian playwright, screen and television writer, literary essayist, fiction writer, political journalist, and social commentator whose work in multiple genres represents…
Modernism in Indian Literature
Modernism in Indian literature, like Indian modernity, resists tidy definitions. Just as experiences of modernity outside the Western world have prompted accounts of ‘alternative,’ ‘colonial,’…
Sholay (1975)
Sholay (directed by Ramesh Sippy and written by Javed Akhtar and Salim Khan) is considered to be the most successful movie in the history of…
Nativism
Nativism in modernist literature asserts the primacy of personal and collective identity mediated through language, culture, geography, religion and race. In the defense of local…
Dalit Literature
‘Dalit literature’ is a term that has come into prominence over the past four decades to refer to the literary writings of people belonging to…
Modernism in Malayalam Literature
Although it is difficult to trace the beginnings of modernism in Malayalam literature to a single author or text, there is general agreement about its…