City films
This entry surveys the history and aesthetics of the city symphony film (or city film). It traces its intellectual and aesthetic origins in the late…
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Film Subject Overview
The Film Section includes entries on a variety of modernist genres, periods, movements, directors, films, and critical modes aligned with modernist aims and intellectual attitudes.…
Berlin: Die Sinfonie der Großstadt (1927)
Berlin: Die Sinfonie der Großstadt [Berlin: Symphony of a City] is a film directed by Walther Ruttmann, co-written by Carl Mayer and Karl Freund, who…
Man with a Movie Camera (1929)
Together with Berlin: Die Sinfonie der Großstadt (Berlin: Symphony of a City, Ruttmann, 1927), Chelovek s kinoapparatom (Man with a Movie Camera) is one of…
Ruttmann, Walter (1889–1941)
Born in Frankfurt, Ruttmann studied architecture and design, and started his career as a painter and lithographer before turning to film. His earliest films, Lichtspiel:…
Underground Cinema
‘Underground’ is a label applied to the outer fringes of the radical film spectrum: films whose form, subject matter, or both, challenge conventional cinematic habits.…
Regen (Rain) (1929)
Regen (Rain) is a black-and-white short film by Joris Ivens and Mannus Franken about a rain shower in Amsterdam. As a masterpiece of Dutch avant-garde…
Menken, Marie (1910–1970)
Marie Menken was a New York-based experimental filmmaker who produced her main work during the 1950s and 1960s. Born in Brooklyn to an immigrant Lithuanian…
de Morais Andrade, Mário Raul (1893–1945)
Often called the pope of Brazilian Modernism, Mário de Andrade spearheaded several different phases of the movement, and is credited with introducing the term modernismo…
Sirk, Douglas (1900–1987)
Douglas Sirk was a German émigré director who was widely celebrated for his melodramas produced for Universal Studios during the 1950s, which inspired generations of…