Modernism in Europe
We are living in a very singular moment of history. It is a moment of crisis, in the literal sense of that word. In every…
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Keynes, John Maynard (1883–1946)
John Maynard Keynes, CB, FBA, first baron Keynes of Tilton, was an economist, moral philosopher, and patron of the arts. The tension between ethical and…
Veblen, Thorstein (1857–1929)
Thorstein Veblen was an American economist, sociologist and social critic. He earned his Ph.D. in philosophy in 1884. After a six-year stint on his family’s…
Sombart, Werner (1863–1941)
Werner Sombart, German economist and sociologist, was born into an upper-class family in Ermsleben. After studying economics and law, Sombart received his doctoral degree from…
Forster, E.M. (1879–1970)
One of the leading British novelists of the early decades of the twentieth century, Edward Morgan Forster is best known for his novels Howards End…
The Arts and Letters Club
The Arts and Letters Club is a Canadian private club for artists and their patrons. For more than a century, the Club has played an…
Bernstein, Leonard (1918–1990)
Leonard Bernstein was the first American-born conductor to be trained entirely in the United States, and to lead a major symphony orchestra, the New York…
Inclán, Pedro Martínez (1883–1957)
The urban development of modern Havana and the emergence of a planning discourse in Cuba owes much of its existence to the efforts of architect,…
The Great Depression
Beginning on New York’s Wall Street on October 29, 1929, which would come to be known as ‘Black Tuesday’, the Great Depression was the most…
Bell, Vanessa (1879–1961)
Vanessa Bell was a painter and decorative artist, and an innovator in interior design, who became central to the development of modernism in Britain in…
Isokon (1931–1939)
Isokon was a British furniture and architectural design company founded in London in 1931. Led by architect Wells Coates and plywood manufacturer Jack Pritchard, Isokon…
Samper, Germán (1924--)
Germán Samper Gnecco was born in Bogotá, Colombia, on April 18, 1924. He studied architecture at the National University of Colombia. Shortly after finishing his…
Communism, Socialism, Marxism, Bolshevism
Communism is first and foremost the reality of long-dismantled or nearly defunct regimes in China, the (former) Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, Cuba and North Korea:…