Modernism in South Asia
In South Asia, a certain haziness regarding modernism and modernity derives not only from the manner in which they can be elided with each other,…
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Fournier, Henri Alban (1886–1914)
Henri Alban Fournier, writing under the pseudonym Alain-Fournier, was a French novelist most famous for writing the literary classic Le Grand Meaulnes (1913). The title…
Aloni, Nissim (1926–1998)
Nissim Aloni is an Israeli playwright and short-story writer. Aloni, who was born in Tel Aviv, was the first playwright to break away from the…
Okamoto, Tarō (1911–1996)
Tarō Okamoto [岡本太郎] (1911–1996) was one of Japan’s most visible artists during the post-World War II period. Born in Kawasaki, Kanagawa, his father was a…
Guston, Philip (1913–1980)
American artist Philip Guston is best known for the comic-strip-inspired paintings he created during the last decade of his life. Though they prompted scathing reviews…
Zayyat, Elias (1935--)
The painter Elias Zayyat (born Damascus, Syria, 1935) has played a leading role in developing a Syrian modern art pedagogy and analysis of Syrian visual…
Cephas, Kassian (1845–1912)
Cephas was the first indigenous Indonesian photographer who, after training with a European mentor around 1870, was appointed as official photographer to the royal house…
Modernist Theater in Catalonia
Modernist theater in Catalonia emerged out of the interplay between thematic and artistic innovation and the representation of sociopolitical issues such as class and cultural…
Green, Henry (1905–1973)
Henry Green was the pen name of Henry Yorke, a well-regarded novelist working in the mid-twentieth century. Living in London, Yorke worked much of his…
Grosz, George (1893–1959)
George Grosz was a leading artist of Germany’s early 20th-century expressionist, Dada, and New Objectivity movements. His works from this period remain celebrated examples of…
Saura, Carlos (1932–)
Carlos Saura, screenwriter and film director, has often been praised as representing the summit of the Spanish post-war filmic universe. His film style throughout his…
Rice, Ron (1935–1964)
Ron Rice was a central figure in the 1960s American avant-garde cinema. His films are closely affiliated with beat literature given their emphasis on improvisation…
Yu, Hyun-mok (1925–2009)
Yu Hyun-mok belonged to the first generation of postliberation filmmakers in South Korea, and is known for films inspired by Italian neorealism that unsparingly depicted…
Modern Chinese Woodblock Prints
The history of Chinese Modern prints is intimately tied to social and political developments in 20th-century China. On May 4, 1919, a protest against the…
Dix, Otto (1891–1969)
Otto Dix was a painter who emerged as a leading figure of the German avant-garde after World War I. His expressionist caprices, dadaist collages, and…
Panofsky, Erwin (1892–1968)
Erwin Panofsky was a German-American art historian who from 1926 to 1933 worked alongside Ernst Cassirer (1874–1945) at the University of Hamburg and at the…
Cornell, Joseph (1903–1972)
Joseph Cornell was an American artist known for his poetic use of collage and assemblage. His art, including his films, contains images that derive from…
Butts, Mary (1890–1937)
Mary Butts was a well-known and prolific British novelist, essayist, poet, and writer of short stories in her time. First published by Robert McAlmon, Butts…
Marqués, René (1919–1979)
During his lifetime, René Marqués was Puerto Rico’s most renowned literary figure. His oeuvre, which includes plays, short stories, essays, film scripts, poetry, and a…
Dadaism in Film
Members of the Dada cultural and artistic movement began to experiment with film as a means to disseminate their stylistic partialities and cultural values through…
Pedro Páramo (1955)
Pedro Páramo is Juan Rulfo’s only novel and by many considered his most important work, as well as one of the main creations in contemporary…
Mexican Muralism (c. 1920–1940)
The Mexican Muralist movement was a nationalistic movement that aimed at producing an official modern art form distinct from European traditions, thus embracing and clearly…
Neo-Primitivism
Neo-Primitivism is a style-label employed by the Muscovite avant-garde in the early twentieth century to describe forms of visual art and poetry that were tendentiously…
Einstein, Albert (1879–1955)
Born in Ulm, Württemberg (now Germany), Einstein was a theoretical physicist who initiated a scientific revolution with his theory of general relativity. Challenging classical mechanics…
Wilson, Ethel (1888–1980)
Ethel Wilson was a modernist prose writer who lived in Vancouver, Canada. Wilson began writing late in life; although she was only six years younger…