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Hogarth Press

The Hogarth Press was a publishing company run by Leonard and Virginia Woolf. A small independent publisher, the Press produced works by modernist thinkers and…

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Woolf, (Adeline) Virginia (1882–1941)

Virginia Woolf was one of the foremost literary innovators of the early twentieth century. A novelist, essayist, short-story writer and literary critic, she was also…

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Intellectual Currents

This section focusses on the historical, sociological, philosophical, economic, political, and scientific context of modernism. Entries cover individuals, coteries, movements, and events. The primary criterion…

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Montage

As an aesthetic principle, montage, defined as the assemblage of disparate elements into a composite whole often by way of juxtaposition, is most often associated…

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Bell, (Arthur) Clive Heward (1881–1964)

Clive Bell was an English art and cultural critic associated with the Bloomsbury Group. He is best known for the concept of “significant form,” which…

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Ulysses

A novel by James Joyce, written between 1914 and 1922, serialized from 1918–1920, and published in book form (to much controversy) in 1922. With T.…

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Sinclair, May (1863–1946)

May Sinclair was a novelist, journalist and literary critic. She began writing relatively late in life to help support her family, and while most of…

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Woolf, Leonard (1880–1969)

Leonard Woolf was an essayist, author, political activist, and publisher. He joined the civil service in 1904 and spent seven years in Ceylon, which experience…

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Stephen, Leslie (1832–1904)

Leslie Stephen was an English author and editor who contributed significantly to the science-religion debate in the latter part of the Victorian period. Father of…

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Athenaeum, The

The Athenaeum, “A Journal of Literature, Science, and the Arts,” was published weekly in London between 1828 and 1921. John Middleton Murray was appointed as…

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Carpenter, Edward (1844–1929)

Edward Carpenter was a British poet, essayist, philosopher, social activist, and early advocate for the social acceptance of same-sex relationships. Born in Brighton, East Sussex,…

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S. Fischer Verlag

Founded in Berlin in 1886 by Samuel Fischer, S. Fischer Verlag quickly became one of the most important publishing houses of German and European modernism.…

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Organicism

Modernist organicism emphasizes the interrelationship between the natural world and society, and links sociocultural changes with nature, biology, and aesthetic forms in imagining the human…

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Lawrence, D. H. (1885-1930)

David Herbert Lawrence (1885–1930) was born in Eastwood, near Nottingham, England. He composed poetry, several travel books, expressionist paintings, short novels and stories, literary criticism…

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James, Henry (1843–1916)

One of the major literary figures of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, Henry James was one of the foremost English-language practitioners of literary…

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Wilson, Ethel (1888–1980)

Ethel Wilson was a modernist prose writer who lived in Vancouver, Canada. Wilson began writing late in life; although she was only six years younger…

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Sackville-West, Vita (1892–1962)

Vita Sackville-West was a poet, prose writer, and gardener. Much of her work was significantly informed by her close identification with the English landscape, in…

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Ridge, Lola (1873–1941)

A proletarian modernist, the poet Lola Ridge is best known for her work published between 1918 and 1922, which coincided with her editorship of Broom…

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Huxley, Aldous (1894–1963)

Aldous Huxley is an English writer who is best known for his dystopian novel Brave New World (1932) and his disquisition on psychedelic substances, The…

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Strachey, (Giles) Lytton (1880–1932)

Lytton Strachey was an important twentieth-century biographer and literary critic, best known for his role as a founding member of the highly influential Bloomsbury Group.…

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Windrush

‘Windrush’ is a term used to describe the post-World War II generation of writers from the English-speaking Caribbean who were published (and most often lived)…

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Bell, Vanessa (1879–1961)

Vanessa Bell was a painter and decorative artist, and an innovator in interior design, who became central to the development of modernism in Britain in…

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Bloomsbury

Bloomsbury is an area of Central London located in the Borough of Camden between Euston Road and Holborn. The neighborhood is home to the British…

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Forster, E.M. (1879–1970)

One of the leading British novelists of the early decades of the twentieth century, Edward Morgan Forster is best known for his novels Howards End…

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Cabinet of Doctor Caligari (1922)

Das Cabinet des Dr. Caligari [Cabinet of Doctor Caligari, 1922] is a silent German Expressionist film made by Robert Wiene, and is considered among the…