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Scottish Modernism

Scotland participated in the European visual art modernism of the early 20th century, when painters such as J. D. Fergusson and the Scottish Colourists set…

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MacDiarmid, Hugh (1892–1978)

Hugh MacDiarmid was the pseudonym of Christopher Murray Grieve, the pre-eminent Scottish modernist poet, and leading proponent of the interwar “Scottish Literary Renaissance.” His best-known…

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Grassic Gibbon, Lewis (1901–1935)

Lewis Grassic Gibbon, a pseudonym for James Leslie Mitchell, was a key writer of the early 20th-century Scottish Renaissance, most famous for his trilogy A…

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Gunn, Neil M. (1891–1973)

Neil M. Gunn was one of the writers who responded to Hugh MacDiarmid’s (1892–1978) appeal for supporters in his ambitious post-1918 aim to revitalize Scottish…

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Frazer, Sir James George (1854–1941)

James George Frazer was a Scottish classicist, social theorist, anthropologist, and historian of religion. He was a Fellow at Trinity College, Cambridge University. In addition…

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Finlay, Ian Hamilton (1925–2006)

Scottish poet, artist, and self-described “avant-gardener” Ian Hamilton Finlay is best known for his Concrete Poetry of the 1960s and a number of ambitious outdoor…

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Carswell, Catherine (1879–1946)

Catherine Carswell was one of an increasing number of women who tested boundaries in life and literature in the early years of the 20th century.…

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Rabie, Jan (1920–2001)

Jan Rabie was a key figure in the movement in Afrikaans literature known as the Sestigers, comprising writers who published in the 1960s. Living in…

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Selvon, Samuel (1923–1994)

Samuel Selvon was a Trinidadian writer whose vivid portraits of daily life in both the Caribbean and post-Second World War England garnered international acclaim. Selvon’s…

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Menken, Marie (1910–1970)

Marie Menken was a New York-based experimental filmmaker who produced her main work during the 1950s and 1960s. Born in Brooklyn to an immigrant Lithuanian…

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Connell, Amyas Douglas (1901–1980)

The New Zealand-born architect Amyas Connell was responsible for a number of strikingly modern buildings, mainly houses, in 1930s England. The first of these was…

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Gutfreund, Otto (1889–1927)

Otto Gutfreund is recognized as the most important Czech sculptor of the early 20th century. Trained in Paris under Antoine Bourdelle, Gutfreund took an interest…

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Irish Modernism

Modernism in Ireland was bound up with major social and political factors during the first part of the twentieth century, especially the effects of independence…

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Secessionist Movement

The Secessionist Movement is the name applied to a range of artistic splinter groups that began to emerge in the 1890s. Objecting to what they…

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Livingstone, Douglas James (1932–1996)

Douglas Livingstone is regularly cited as South Africa’s pre-eminent poet of the twentieth century. Born in Malaysia, but settling in South Africa at the age…

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Sorabji, Kaikhosru Shapurji (1892–1988)

Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji was an English composer, pianist, music critic, and writer about music mainly associated with large-scale works for the piano lasting several hours…

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Hoffmann, Josef Franz Maria (1870–1956)

Josef Hoffmann was an Austrian architect and designer who proved instrumental in formulating the aesthetics and theory of modernist design. Among the most progressive architects…

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Rationalism

Rationalism [Ratsionalizm] was a modernist movement in Soviet architecture that was current in the 1920s and early 1930s. It was led by the architect and…

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Barrett, Cynthia (1921–2006)

Choreographer, teacher, and dance artist Cynthia Barrett was a modern dance artist who established her own company in Toronto. For a short while she directed…

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McBurnie, Beryl (1914–2000)

Known as the Caribbean’s mother of dance, Beryl McBurnie counts amongst the leading figures of Caribbean modern dance, a movement that furthered decolonization and postcolonial…

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Satie, Erik Alfred Leslie (1866–1925)

Erik Satie’s compositions, writings, and humor played an important role in many modernist movements of the twentieth century. Experimenting with simple forms, neoclassicism, mysticism, satire,…

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Maclennan, Don (1929–2009)

Don Maclennan was born in London, educated at the Universities of Witwatersrand and Edinburgh, and taught literature at Rhodes University, Grahamstown, for 30 years until…

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Howard, Andrée (1910–1968)

Andrée Howard belonged to a group of British choreographers, including Frederick Ashton and Antony Tudor, who began their careers with the Polish-born Marie Rambert in…

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Wigman, Mary (1886–1973)

Mary Wigman was among the most important dancers and choreographers in Germany during the first half of the 20th century. As a modernist, she sought…