Mondrian, Piet (1872–1944)
The Dutch artist Piet Mondrian was one of the pioneers of abstract art, producing some of the most radical painting of the 20th century. The…
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Mondrian, Piet (1872–1944) [REVISED AND EXPANDED]
The Dutch artist Piet Mondrian was one of the pioneers of abstract art who produced some of the most radical painting of the 20th century.…
Drama, Theater and Performance Subject Overview
This brief preamble will introduce the kinds of material the reader can expect to find in the entries treating drama, theater, and performance, and suggest…
Abstract Expressionism
Abstract Expressionism was a movement initiated by a group of loosely affiliated artists that came together during the early 1940s, primarily in New York City.…
Hesse, Hermann (1877–1962)
Hermann Hesse was born in Calw (Germany) in a pietistic missionary family. To his devout parents, ‘the I’, as a subject next to God, had…
Paton, Alan (1903–1988)
Alan Paton, born in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, in 1903, is one of South Africa’s most widely read writers. His famous novel, Cry, the Beloved Country…
Head, Bessie Amelia (1937–1986)
Novelist, short-story and non-fiction writer Bessie Head was born in a Pietermaritzburg psychiatric institution, her white mother Bessie Amelia Emery (née Birch), who had had…
Acmeism
Acmeism [АКМЕИЗМ] was a major literary movement of the Russian Silver Age. Although difficult to date precisely, scholars generally agree that Acmeism unofficially began with…
Hepworth, Dame (Jocelyn) Barbara (1903–1975)
Barbara Hepworth was a sculptor, draughtsperson, painter and printmaker, born in Yorkshire but based in London and St Ives in Cornwall, with a career spanning…
Abstraction-Création
Abstraction-Création was a collective of abstract artists active in Paris until 1936. Beginning in 1931, the founding committee was composed of Theo Van Doesburg, Jean…
Motherwell, Robert (1915–1991)
Robert Motherwell was one of the central founding members of the Abstract Expressionist movement in the United States during the 1940s and 1950s and served…
Rebay (von Ehrenwiesen), Hilla (1890–1967)
Before immigrating to the United States, Hilla Rebay, a painter, was part of an artistic circle in Germany that included Jean Arp and Rudolf Bauer…
De Stijl (1917–1932)
De Stijl (The Style) was an avant-garde artistic group founded in the Netherlands in 1917. The name was also applied to a journal used to…
Rietveld, Gerrit Thomas (1888-1964)
Gerrit Rietveld was a Dutch furniture designer and architect associated with the avant-garde movement known as De Stijl (The Style). Influenced by the abstract paintings…
Halim, Taheya (1919–2003)
Taheya Halim was an artist who began her arts education as a student of the Syrian artist Youssef Taraboulsi. In 1943, she began working as…
de Mille, Agnes (1905–1993)
Agnes de Mille performed as a self-producing female dance soloist; she choreographed for Ballets Russes and Ballet Theatre (now the AmericanBallet Theatre) and transformed the…
American Abstract Artists
The American Abstract Artists is a formally established organization of painters, sculptors, and printmakers that has been devoted to promoting abstraction in the United States…
Entartete Kunst
Entartete Kunst (Degenerate Art) is a term that was used by Nazi authorities to identify, censure, and confiscate art they considered inconsistent with their ideology.…
Clark, Lygia (1920–1988)
Lygia Clark was born in 1920 in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. She studied with Roberto Burle Marx before leaving for Europe to learn from Fernand Léger.…
van Doesburg, Theo (1883–1931)
Theo van Doesburg was a Dutch painter, designer, and art theorist. As the founder and major polemicist of the avant-garde movement known as De Stijl…
Circle
Circle is a book-length survey of international constructive art, first published in London in 1937. The joint editors and organizers of the parallel Exhibition of…
Film und Fotografie
FiFo, or Film und Fotografie, is shorthand for the Internationale Ausstellung des deutschen Werkbundes [International Exhibition of the German Werkbund], which opened in Stuttgart in…
Filla, Emil (1882–1953)
Emil Filla (b. 4 April 1882 in Chropyně in Moravia; d. 6 October 1953 in Prague) is regarded as one of the main leaders of Czech Cubism…
Brecheret, Victor (1894–1955)
Victor Brecheret was a modernist sculptor whose unique style incorporated the graceful design of Art Nouveau and Art Deco and the purity of the School…
Ensor, James Sydney Edouard (1860–1949)
Prior to the outbreak of World War I, James Ensor (b. 1860 Ostend, Belgium–d. 1949 Ostend, Belgium) worked during the summer months in a souvenir…