Gauguin, Paul (1848-1903)
Paul Gauguin was a Parisian-born French artist who was for a time associated with the Neo-Impressionist and Symbolist movements in painting. Having turned to a…
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Gattorno, Antonio (1904–1980)
Cuban painter and illustrator Antonio Gattorno is recognized as one of the founding members of the Cuban vanguardia (avant-garde) of the late 1920s to early…
Rachilde (1860–1953)
Known mainly for her prose fiction of the Decadent period, the French writer Rachilde contributed to modernist theater in a number of ways. She was…
Young Vienna
Young Vienna was an informal, heterogeneous literary circle that existed in Vienna for little more than a decade, beginning in approximately 1890. Hermann Bahr and…
Mattis-Teutsch, Hans (1884–1960)
Hans Mattis-Teutsch was a Romanian artist, born to a German-Hungarian family in Braşov, where he also died. Exemplary of the diverse modernity of Central Europe,…
Cézanne, Paul (1839–1906)
Paul Cézanne was a French painter, whose innovative techniques and original interpretations of traditional genres made him perhaps the most influential artist in the early…
Irish Modernism
Modernism in Ireland was bound up with major social and political factors during the first part of the twentieth century, especially the effects of independence…
Modersohn-Becker, Paula (1876–1907)
Paula Modersohn-Becker was born in Dresden and moved to Bremen with her family in 1888. After finishing her studies at a teacher training college, she…
Matisse, Henri (1869–1954) [REVISED AND EXPANDED]
Henri Matisse is the key figure, together with Picasso, in French Modernism and the most influential colourist of the 20th century. Matisse initially studied law…
Segalen, Victor (1878–1919)
Physician, musician, archaeologist and sinologist, essayist, novelist, poet, librettist, and world traveller whose works were largely published after his death, Victor Segalen has achieved largely…
Symbolism Overview
Symbolism is a late-nineteenth-century literary movement centred mostly around the work of poets such as Stéphane Mallarmé, Arthur Rimbaud, Paul Verlaine, Philippe Villiers de L’Isle-Adam,…
Post-Impressionism
The British critic Roger Fry devised the term “Post-Impressionism” in 1910 while organizing an exhibition in London at the Grafton Galleries to introduce recent French…
Seurat, Georges-Pierre (1859–1891)
Born in Paris in 1859 to a bourgeois family, painter and draughtsman Georges-Pierre Seurat enjoyed a brief but mature career as the leading French Neo-Impressionist.…
Munch, Edvard (1863–1944)
Edvard Munch was a Norwegian painter, printmaker and sculptor, who experimented with photography and film. He is one of the main forerunners of Expressionism, and…
Van Gogh, Vincent Willem (1853–1890)
Vincent van Gogh is considered one of the most important artists of Symbolism or Post-Impressionism. In his most typical works, van Gogh generally uses heightened…
Pechstein, Max (1881–1955)
The Saxon painter Max Pechstein was hailed as one of the leading representatives of modern painting in Germany throughout the 1910s and 1920s, but played…
Remarque, Erich Maria (1898–1970)
Born Erich Paul Remark in Osnabrück, Germany, Erich Maria Remarque is best known for his influential anti-war novel Im Westen nichts Neues (1929, All Quiet…
Werefkin, Marianne (1960–1937)
Werefkin was born into an aristocratic family and herself a baroness. Her mother, Elizabeth Daragan, was an artist; her father, an army general decorated by…
Arensberg, Walter (1878–1954)
Walter Arensberg (April 4, 1878 to January 29, 1954) and his wife, Louise Stevens Arensberg (1879–1953), were influential patrons of the avant-garde, building a collection…
Anarchism
Anarchism is a term derived from the Greek anarkhia, meaning “contrary to authority” or ”without a ruler.“ Anarchism narrowly refers to a theory of society…
Biomorphism
Biomorphism is a 20th-century style of painting, sculpture, photography and design with roots in the late 19th century. It is characterized by what are often…
Ernst, Max (1891–1976)
Max Ernst was a painter, sculptor and printmaker. He was born in Germany, but he lived in Paris and then New York; he returned to…
Puvis (de Chavannes), Pierre-Cécile (1824–1898)
Pierre Puvis de Chavannes was a French painter and draughtsman, active between 1850 and 1898. He achieved wide acclaim during his lifetime and profoundly influenced…
Van de Velde, Henry (1863–1957)
Architect and designer Henry van de Velde was born in Antwerp, Belgium, the sixth child in a middle-class family. The influence of Symbolism on his…
Fry, Roger Eliot (1866–1934)
Roger Fry was an art critic, painter, lecturer, and curator whose name is often associated with the Bloomsbury Group. Born in London to a prominent…