Modernism in Austria-Hungary
Modernism in Austria-Hungary developed in the imperial capital Vienna and other major cities such as Prague, Budapest, and Trieste. In the coffees houses of these…
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Bauhaus
In 1919 a young architect named Walter Gropius initiated one of the most modern art schools of the twentieth century in the city of Weimar…
Social Realism
Expressionism
Expressionism was one of the foremost modernist movements to emerge in Europe in the early years of the twentieth-century. It had a profound effect on…
Anhalt, Istvan (1919–2012)
Istvan Anhalt was a Hungarian-born Canadian composer and one of the leading figures in avant-garde composition during the second half of the twentieth century in…
Kurtág, György (1926--)
Unlike his friend György Ligeti, who emigrated from Hungary in 1956, György Kurtág remained until after the end of the Cold War in Budapest, where…
MA Group, The
The Hungarian avant-garde MA (Today) group was founded by Lajos Kassák in 1916 as a successor of A Tett (The Act), which had been banned…
Greenberg, Uri Tzvi (1896–1981)
The Hebrew and Yiddish poet Uri Tzvi Greenberg was born in 1896 in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, in a shtetl, or village, called Biały Kamień in…
Fischer, József (1901–1995)
József Fischer was a prolific designer of mid-war Hungarian modernist architecture, and in tandem with Farkas Molnár he was also a highly active and important…
Lukács, György (1885–1971)
György Lukács was a Hungarian philosopher and literary critic. Born into a wealthy Jewish family, he spent his youth in Berlin and Vienna studying German…
Loos, Adolf (1870–1933)
Born in Brno, Moravia, Austria-Hungary, now Czech Republic, Adolf Loos was a critic, architect and designer famous for his vehement rejection of ornament. Educated in…
Jancsó, Miklós (1921–2014)
Hungarian director Miklós Jancsó (September 27, 1921–January 31, 2014) emerged in the 1960s with a series of films professing both an unapologetic Marxist perspective and…
Mattis-Teutsch, Hans (1884–1960)
Hans Mattis-Teutsch was a Romanian artist, born to a German-Hungarian family in Braşov, where he also died. Exemplary of the diverse modernity of Central Europe,…
Engelmann, Paul (1891–1965)
Born in Olmütz (then Austria-Hungary) to a middle-class Jewish family, Paul Engelmann is noteworthy both as a student of Adolf Loos and as a close…
Moholy-Nagy, László (1895–1946)
Born in Bácsborsód, Hungary, László Moholy-Nagy was one of the most influential teachers, designers, and theoreticians of twentieth-century Modernism. As a professor at the Bauhaus…
Martinů, Bohuslav (1890–1959)
Bohuslav Martinů (1890–1959). Czech composer of Austro-Hungarian, Czechoslovak and American citizenship. He left his native Polička in Eastern Bohemia in 1906 to study violin at…
Svevo, Italo (1861–1928)
Italo Svevo was born as Aron Ettore Schmitz in 1861 in Trieste, a city in the north-east of Italy that until 1919 was part of…
Mannheim, Karl (1893–1947)
Karl Mannheim was one of the most influential sociologists of the early 20th century. He received a doctorate in philosophy from the University of Budapest,…
Japanese Secession
In 1920, a group of Japanese architects interested in Art Nouveu or “Jugenstil” created a society sharing a common approach concerning the future of architecture…
Kafka, Franz (1883–1924)
Franz Kafka was born 3 July 1883 to a bourgeois family in Prague, the Czech capital that in the late nineteenth century belonged to the…
André Kertész (1894–1985)
Born Kertész Andor, André Kertész was one of the major innovators in 20th-century photography. He was self-taught, and largely produced scenes of everyday life in…
Roth, Joseph (1894–1939)
Joseph Roth was an Austrian-Jewish journalist and novelist. He was born in the shtetl of Brody, near Lemberg (Lviv, Lvov) in Galicia, in the easternmost…
The Great War (1914–1918)
The Great War was fought from 1914 to 1918, and was officially ended in 1919 by the Treaty of Versailles. Its primary locus was the…
Young Turk Revolution
The Young Turk Revolution refers to the events that occurred in 1908 under the initiative of the Committee of Union and Progress (İttihad ve Terakki…
Verma, Nirmal (1929–2005)
Nirmal Verma was among the most prominent and distinguished Hindi novelists, essayists, and short story writers of the second half of the 20th century. Though…