Erwin Panofsky was a German-American art historian who from 1926 to 1933 worked alongside Ernst Cassirer (1874–1945) at the University of Hamburg and at the Bibliothek Warburg. From the outset, he was critical of approaches (such as Heinrich Wöfflin’s [1964–1945]) that divorced form from content. Panofsky first outlined his historically and socially based iconological approach to the analysis of an art work in Hercules am Scheidewege und andere antike Bildstoffe in der neuen Kunst (1930), and elaborated it in a more systematic form in Studies in Iconology (1939).